Tortella tortuosa |
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tortured tortella moss |
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Habit | Plants dull, green, yellow-green or yellow-brown distally, brown proximally, becoming reddish at higher latitudes and altitudes, elongate. | ||||||||
Stem(s) | leaves rather soft, uniform in size, strongly crisped or contorted with spirally curled tips when dry, flexuose- to widespreading when moist, long-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, broadly to narrowly concave or nearly plane proximally to more or less keeled in the apical region, (2–)3–6.5(–7) mm; base somewhat broader than limb, oblong; margins usually shortly and strongly undulate, evenly crenulate-papillose, gradually subulate-acuminate, apex acumination confluent with the mucro, leaves at the extreme stem apex surmounted by a stout, multicellular mucro; costa excurrent as a long, smooth or denticulate mucro or short awn, usually composed of 5–10 rhomboidal cells, adaxial cells of the costa variable, costa distal to the leaf base to the distal median region covered by an epidermis of quadrate to short-rectangular (2:1) papillose cells, in the distal adaxial region variously with a narrow or broader central groove of exposed, smooth, elongate (8:1) stereid cells, occasionally the groove conspicuous and extensive; proximal laminal cells abruptly differentiated from distal cells, hyaline, laxly thin-walled; distal laminal cells 1-stratose, quadrate, 7–10(–13) µm wide, marginal cells undifferentiated. |
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Seta | 0.9–2.7(–3.5) cm. |
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Sexual condition | dioicous, but seldom fruiting; perigoniate plants rare; perigonia apparently few per stem, inner perigonial bracts ovate and abruptly apiculate, scarcely longer than the antheridia, 0.5 mm; perichaetiate plants common; perichaetia numerous on the stem; perichaetial leaves differentiated even in unfertilized perichaetia, slender and erect at the base, long, 5–5.5 mm, somewhat sheathing, distal part, consisting mostly of costa, setaceous-subulate, erect, in fertile plants, stiff and slightly flexuose, distinct and conspicuous above the tightly crisped cauline leaves when dry. |
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Capsule | 1.5–3.3 mm; annulus not vesiculose; operculum 1.5–2 mm; peristome teeth long and spirally wound 2 or 3 times, 1.1–1.4 mm. |
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Specialized | asexual reproduction none except possibly through fragility of the lamina in some populations, or weakness toward the apex. |
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Tortella tortuosa |
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Distribution | North America; Mexico; Central America; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Iceland)
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Discussion | Varieties ca. 20 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 504. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Pottiaceae > subfam. Trichostomoideae > Tortella | ||||||||
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Synonyms | Tortula tortuosa | ||||||||
Name authority | (Hedwig) Limpricht: Laubm. Deutschl. 1: 604. (1888) | ||||||||
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