Flora of North America species comparison

Hybrids (with 2n = 21) between Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora have been reported from Washington (D. E. Soltis and B. A. Bohm 1985). The Cowlitz Indians applied a poultice of fresh leaves to boils and the Mahak Indians ate raw sprouts in early spring (D. E. Moerman 1998).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hybrids (with 2n = 14) between Tolmiea diplomenziesii [reported by D. E. Soltis and B. A. Bohm (1985) as diploid T. menziesii] and Tellima grandiflora have been reported from southwestern Oregon (Soltis and Bohm).

Tolmiea diplomenziesii is well supported as a species distinct from T. menziesii, with which it traditionally has been confused. Tolmiea diplomenziesii, as indicated by its specific epithet, is a diploid (2n = 14), while the related T. menziesii is an autotetraploid (2n = 28), as has been supported by numerous chromosome counts, as well as studies of flavonoid and anthocyanin chemistry, isozymes, and DNA restriction sites (reviewed by Judd et al. along with original description of former). In addition, the diploid and tetraploid species are essentially allopatric, occupying the southern and northern portions, respectively, of the range of Tolmiea (D. E. Soltis 1984b). The two species form a clade (i.e., the genus Tolmiea), closely related to the genera Heuchera, Mitella, and Tiarella. Tolmiea diplomenziesii is apparently reproductively isolated from T. menziesii based on greenhouse crosses; triploid individuals have not been discovered despite extensive field work in the region of contact between the two species (triploid hybrids are thus assumed to be nonexistent or at least rare). Tolmiea diplomenziesii differs from T. menziesii in its usually smaller stature, with less well-developed rosettes, the cauline leaves distinctly longer than wide, i.e., length-width quotient 0.8–1.4 (average 1, excluding length of basal lobes, versus leaflike bracts of T. menziesii not or only slightly longer than wide, i.e., length-width quotient usually 0.6–1.1; average 0.9), and less frequent plantlet formation. Herbarium material can be difficult to identify, but the characters given above, when used in conjunction with geographic range (see above), result in correct identification of nearly all specimens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)