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Mexican sunflower weed, tree marigold

clavel de muerto

Habit Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, to 250(–500) cm. Annuals, mostly 100–200(–400) cm.
Leaves

petioles 2–6 cm;

blades ± deltate to pentagonal, 7–33 × 7–22 cm, sometimes 3- or 5-lobed, abaxial faces glabrous to hispid-pilose.

petioles 3–8 cm;

blades ± deltate to pentagonal, 7–38 × 7–30 cm, sometimes 3- or 5-lobed, abaxial faces glabrous or soft-pubescent.

Peduncles

7–24 cm.

11–27 cm.

Ray florets

7–14;

corollas yellow, laminae linear, 48–69 × 9–16 mm.

8–13;

corollas usually orange, sometimes yellow, laminae oval to oblong, 20–33 × 6–17 mm.

Disc florets

80–120+.

60–90.

Phyllaries

16–28 in (3–)4 series, oblong to ovate;

outer 6–10 × 4–7 mm, apices rounded to acute, abaxial faces usually glabrous;

inner 10–20 × 3–10 mm, apices rounded to acute, abaxial faces glabrous.

14–21 in (2–)3 series, lanceolate to linear;

outer 17–30 × 4–7.5 mm, apices acute, abaxial faces usually densely puberulent;

inner 16–28 × 5–8 mm, apices rounded to acute, abaxial faces usually densely puberulent.

Cypselae

4–6 mm.

5–7.

Paleae

10–13 × 2–3 mm, mucros 1.5–2.5 mm.

11.5–15 × 2–3 mm, mucros 2.5–5.5 mm.

2n

= 34.

= 34.

Tithonia diversifolia

Tithonia rotundifolia

Phenology Flowering Sep–Jan. Flowering Nov.
Habitat Disturbed sites –Jan. Disturbed sites
Elevation 0–20+ m (0–100+ ft) 0–20+ m (0–100+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; TX; Mexico [Introduced in North America; also introduced in West Indies, Central America, Asia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; LA; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Tithonia diversifolia is widely cultivated in warm climates and may persist after plantings; a report for Louisiana was not confirmed for this treatment.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Tithonia rotundifolia is widely cultivated in warm climates and may persist after plantings (e.g., in Asia).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 139. FNA vol. 21, p. 139.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Tithonia Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Tithonia
Sibling taxa
T. rotundifolia, T. thurberi
T. diversifolia, T. thurberi
Synonyms Mirasolia diversifolia Tagetes rotundifolia
Name authority (Hemsley) A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 5. (1883) (Miller) S. F. Blake: Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 41. (1917)
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