Flora of North America species comparison

apex acute (but with terminal 4–5 cells often truncated);

costa subpercurrent;

sheath orange but appearing red when still on stem;

limbs green, pellucid;

limb-sheath transition abrupt, sharply angled;

limb margins strongly dentate in distal 1/3–1/2, less dentate to entire proximally, occasionally crenulate or entire throughout;

limb lamina cells 8–14(–16) × 8–12(–13) µm, with low conical or rounded mamillae on the adaxial surface, abaxial surface smooth;

distal sheath lamina cells smooth or with 1–6(–8) large round, often verrucose papillae over the abaxial surfaces of lumen;

cells at leaf insertion not hyaline and fragile;

abaxial surface of costa limb smooth, toothed or papillose near apex, adaxial cells with conical or rounded mamillae.

crisped to imbricate (and occasionally inrolled) when dry, erect-patent to spreading when moist, (1.5–)2–8(–12) mm, 0.5–1.2 mm wide at mid-limb;

cells of the sheath lamina longer and narrower near the margins, shorter and broader near the limb-sheath transition, smooth on the adaxial surface, smooth or with a series of linearly-arranged, large round papillae on the abaxial surface of the lumens.

dioicous;

perichaetial leaves more strongly dentate than vegetative leaves, sheath up to half the leaf length.

monoicous or dioicous;

male gametophyte (in dioicous taxa) monopodial, with the stem continuing growth through terminal perigonia;

paraphyses few, of 10–15(–40) cells, filiform, with fusiform tips;

archegonia 1–6 per perichaetium, ca. 1–2 mm;

antheridia 5–40 per perigonium, ca. 1–2 mm.

spirally plicate (even when young and operculate);

exothecial cell walls sinuose;

stomata mostly on the neck;

endostome cilia without appendiculations on the interior surfaces.

ca. 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm;

exothecial cells with smooth or sinuose walls;

peristome diplolepideous;

exostome teeth 0.5–1 mm, yellow in proximal half, pale or hyaline distally;

endostome hyaline or yellowish, with a high basal membrane about half the height of the exostome, and 64 irregularly anastomosing, nodose cilia papillose externally and smooth or appendiculate on the interior surface.

without longitudinal split, not persistent on seta.

round, finely papillose, pale yellow or brown, 13–22 µm.