Timmia austriaca |
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Austria timmia moss, false-polytrichum |
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Habit | Plants without deciduous distal leaves. |
Leaf | apex acute (but with terminal 4–5 cells often truncated); costa subpercurrent; sheath orange but appearing red when still on stem; limbs green, pellucid; limb-sheath transition abrupt, sharply angled; limb margins strongly dentate in distal 1/3–1/2, less dentate to entire proximally, occasionally crenulate or entire throughout; limb lamina cells 8–14(–16) × 8–12(–13) µm, with low conical or rounded mamillae on the adaxial surface, abaxial surface smooth; distal sheath lamina cells smooth or with 1–6(–8) large round, often verrucose papillae over the abaxial surfaces of lumen; cells at leaf insertion not hyaline and fragile; abaxial surface of costa limb smooth, toothed or papillose near apex, adaxial cells with conical or rounded mamillae. |
Sexual condition | dioicous; perichaetial leaves more strongly dentate than vegetative leaves, sheath up to half the leaf length. |
Capsule | spirally plicate (even when young and operculate); exothecial cell walls sinuose; stomata mostly on the neck; endostome cilia without appendiculations on the interior surfaces. |
Calyptra | without longitudinal split, not persistent on seta. |
Timmia austriaca |
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Phenology | Sporophytes sporadic throughout the range. |
Habitat | but more frequent in non-Arctic regions, various habitats including dry exposed ridges, wet river edges or forested valleys |
Elevation | low to high elevations (0-3000 m) (low to high elevations (0-9800 ft)) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; ID; MI; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; WA; WY; AB; BC; NB; NF; NT; NU; QC; SK; YT; Atlantic Islands (Iceland); Greenland; Eurasia (Alps, Greece, Italy, Pyrenees, Scandinavia, United Kingdom); e Asia (Russia)
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Discussion | A polymorphic yet remarkably well-defined species, Timmia austriaca has the most well-delimited sheath of all Timmia taxa, with an abrupt change in color and sharp angle at the limb-sheath transition, and it is the only taxon where the costa widens slightly just at the limb-sheath transition. Its distinct habit and leaf angularity, dioicous sexuality, non-appendiculate endostome cilia, and orange sheaths separate it from T. megapolitana, while its habit, leaf angularity, and non-deciduous leaves will separate it from T. norvegica and T. sibirica. The perigonial leaves are short and broad, consisting mostly of sheath. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27. |
Parent taxa | Timmiaceae > Timmia |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | T. arctica, T. austriaca var. arctica, T. austriaca var. brevifolia, T. austriaca var. papillosa |
Name authority | Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 176, plate 42, figs. 1–7. (1801) |
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