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leatherleaf airplant, tillandsia cambiante

needle-leaf airplant, southern needleleaf, thin-leaf wild-pine

Habit Plants usually single, rarely clustering, flowering to 40 cm. Plants densely clustering, flowering to 30 cm.
Stems

short.

short.

Leaves

15–20, many-ranked, spreading, gray-green or flushed rose, 12–30 × 1–2 cm, finely appressed-scaly;

sheath pale to nearly chestnut brown, ovate, flat, not forming pseudobulb, 2–4 cm wide;

blade narrowly triangular, tapering evenly from base to apex, nearly plane to channeled, soft, brittle, margins involute, apex attentuate.

15–30, many-ranked, finely appressed, erect, green to reddish green, 20–30 × 0.1–0.4 cm, uniformly scaly throughout;

sheath rust-colored, broadly triangular, flat, not forming pseudobulb, 0.8–1.8 cm wide;

blade very narrowly linear-triangular, ribbed, leathery, margins involute, apex filiform-attenuate.

Inflorescences

scape conspicuous, erect or ascending, 3–10 cm, 2–5 mm diam.;

bracts densely imbricate, erect, blade often hanging, like leaves but gradually smaller;

sheath of bracts narrowing abruptly into blade;

spikes erect or ascending, never palmate, linear, compressed, 5–20 × 0.8–1.2 cm, apex acute; simple or laxly 2–3 lateral branches.

scape conspicuous, erect, 8–15 cm, 2–4 mm diam.;

bracts densely imbricate, erect;

sheath of bracts, especially upper ones, narrowing abruptly into blade;

spikes erect, palmate (rarely simple), linear, compressed, 1–4 × 0.5–0.6 cm, apex acute;

branches 1–5.

Flowers

5–30, conspicuous;

sepals with adaxial pair connate, oblong, keeled, 1.5–1.8 cm, thin-leathery, slightly veined, apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous;

corolla tubular, petals erect, lavender-blue, ligulate, to 3 cm;

stamens exserted;

stigma exserted, conduplicate-spiral.

3–15, conspicuous;

sepals with adaxial pair connate, elliptic, keeled, 0.8–1 cm, thin-leathery, veined, apex acute, surfaces slightly scaly;

corolla tubular, petals erect, lavender, ligulate, 1.8–2.2 cm;

stamens exserted;

stigma exserted, conduplicate-spiral.

Fruits

to 3 cm.

2–3 cm.

Floral

bracts laxly imbricate, erect, green, red, or purple, broad (covering all or most of rachis, rachis not visible at anthesis), elliptic, keeled toward apex, 1.8–2 × 0.6–0.9 cm, leathery, base visible in fruit, apex acute, surfaces glabrous.

bracts imbricate, erect, green or tinged red, broad (covering all or most of rachis, rachis not visible at anthesis), ovate, keeled only toward apex, 0.8–1.2 cm, thin-leathery, base not visible at anthesis, apex attenuate to acute, surfaces appressed-pale scaly, venation slight.

Tillandsia variabilis

Tillandsia setacea

Phenology Flowering spring–fall. Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat Epiphytic in moist, shaded habitats Epiphytic on a variety of hosts in swamps and humid forests
Elevation 0–30 m (0–100 ft) 0–60 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; GA; Mexico; Central America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It is probable that Mexican and Central American materials represent one or more additional species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Bromeliaceae > Tillandsia Bromeliaceae > Tillandsia
Sibling taxa
T. baileyi, T. balbisiana, T. bartramii, T. fasciculata, T. flexuosa, T. paucifolia, T. pruinosa, T. recurvata, T. setacea, T. simulata, T. usneoides, T. utriculata, T. ×floridana, T. ×smalliana
T. baileyi, T. balbisiana, T. bartramii, T. fasciculata, T. flexuosa, T. paucifolia, T. pruinosa, T. recurvata, T. simulata, T. usneoides, T. utriculata, T. variabilis, T. ×floridana, T. ×smalliana
Synonyms T. houzeavii, T. valenzuelana T. tenuifolia
Name authority Schlechtendal: Linnaea 18:418. (1844) Swartz: Flora Indiae Occidentalis 1: 593. (1797)
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