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needle-leaf airplant, southern needleleaf, thin-leaf wild-pine

leatherleaf airplant, tillandsia cambiante

Habit Plants densely clustering, flowering to 30 cm. Plants usually single, rarely clustering, flowering to 40 cm.
Stems

short.

short.

Leaves

15–30, many-ranked, finely appressed, erect, green to reddish green, 20–30 × 0.1–0.4 cm, uniformly scaly throughout;

sheath rust-colored, broadly triangular, flat, not forming pseudobulb, 0.8–1.8 cm wide;

blade very narrowly linear-triangular, ribbed, leathery, margins involute, apex filiform-attenuate.

15–20, many-ranked, spreading, gray-green or flushed rose, 12–30 × 1–2 cm, finely appressed-scaly;

sheath pale to nearly chestnut brown, ovate, flat, not forming pseudobulb, 2–4 cm wide;

blade narrowly triangular, tapering evenly from base to apex, nearly plane to channeled, soft, brittle, margins involute, apex attentuate.

Inflorescences

scape conspicuous, erect, 8–15 cm, 2–4 mm diam.;

bracts densely imbricate, erect;

sheath of bracts, especially upper ones, narrowing abruptly into blade;

spikes erect, palmate (rarely simple), linear, compressed, 1–4 × 0.5–0.6 cm, apex acute;

branches 1–5.

scape conspicuous, erect or ascending, 3–10 cm, 2–5 mm diam.;

bracts densely imbricate, erect, blade often hanging, like leaves but gradually smaller;

sheath of bracts narrowing abruptly into blade;

spikes erect or ascending, never palmate, linear, compressed, 5–20 × 0.8–1.2 cm, apex acute; simple or laxly 2–3 lateral branches.

Flowers

3–15, conspicuous;

sepals with adaxial pair connate, elliptic, keeled, 0.8–1 cm, thin-leathery, veined, apex acute, surfaces slightly scaly;

corolla tubular, petals erect, lavender, ligulate, 1.8–2.2 cm;

stamens exserted;

stigma exserted, conduplicate-spiral.

5–30, conspicuous;

sepals with adaxial pair connate, oblong, keeled, 1.5–1.8 cm, thin-leathery, slightly veined, apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous;

corolla tubular, petals erect, lavender-blue, ligulate, to 3 cm;

stamens exserted;

stigma exserted, conduplicate-spiral.

Fruits

2–3 cm.

to 3 cm.

Floral

bracts imbricate, erect, green or tinged red, broad (covering all or most of rachis, rachis not visible at anthesis), ovate, keeled only toward apex, 0.8–1.2 cm, thin-leathery, base not visible at anthesis, apex attenuate to acute, surfaces appressed-pale scaly, venation slight.

bracts laxly imbricate, erect, green, red, or purple, broad (covering all or most of rachis, rachis not visible at anthesis), elliptic, keeled toward apex, 1.8–2 × 0.6–0.9 cm, leathery, base visible in fruit, apex acute, surfaces glabrous.

Tillandsia setacea

Tillandsia variabilis

Phenology Flowering spring–fall. Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat Epiphytic on a variety of hosts in swamps and humid forests Epiphytic in moist, shaded habitats
Elevation 0–60 m (0–200 ft) 0–30 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; GA; Mexico; Central America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It is probable that Mexican and Central American materials represent one or more additional species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Bromeliaceae > Tillandsia Bromeliaceae > Tillandsia
Sibling taxa
T. baileyi, T. balbisiana, T. bartramii, T. fasciculata, T. flexuosa, T. paucifolia, T. pruinosa, T. recurvata, T. simulata, T. usneoides, T. utriculata, T. variabilis, T. ×floridana, T. ×smalliana
T. baileyi, T. balbisiana, T. bartramii, T. fasciculata, T. flexuosa, T. paucifolia, T. pruinosa, T. recurvata, T. setacea, T. simulata, T. usneoides, T. utriculata, T. ×floridana, T. ×smalliana
Synonyms T. tenuifolia T. houzeavii, T. valenzuelana
Name authority Swartz: Flora Indiae Occidentalis 1: 593. (1797) Schlechtendal: Linnaea 18:418. (1844)
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