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cardinal airplant, giant airplant

manatee river airplant

Habit Plants clustering, flowering to 65 cm. Plants single or clustering, flowering to 40 cm.
Stems

short.

short.

Leaves

20–50, many-ranked, erect to spreading, gray to gray-green, 25–50 × 1–2.5 cm, grayish-scaly;

sheath dark rust colored toward base, broadly elliptic, flat, not forming pseudobulb, 3–4 cm wide;

blade narrowly triangular, tapering evenly from base to apex, stiff, leathery, channeled to involute, apex attenuate.

15–30, many-ranked, erect to spreading, gray, 20–40 × 0.1–0.4 cm, densely appressed-grayish-scaly;

sheath chestnut brown, narrowly elliptic, slightly inflated, not forming pseudobulb, 1.2–2 cm wide;

blade very narrowly linear-triangular, leathery, margins involute, apex attenuate.

Inflorescences

scape conspicuous, erect or ascending, 10–35 cm, 4–8 mm diam.;

bracts densely imbricate, erect to spreading, like leaves but gradually smaller;

sheath of bracts narrowing gradually into blade;

spikes erect to spreading, densely palmate to laxly 2(–3)-pinnate, narrowly elliptic, compressed, 5–20 × 1.5–2.5 cm, apex acute;

lateral branches 3–15.

scape conspicuous, erect, 10–15 cm, 4–6 mm diam.;

bracts densely imbricate, erect, like leaves but gradually smaller;

sheath of bracts narrowing abruptly into blade;

spikes erect to spreading, palmate, linear, compressed, 2–5 × 1 cm, apex acute;

lateral branches 1–5.

Flowers

10–50, conspicuous;

sepals with adaxial pair connate, lanceolate, to 1/2 keeled, to 4.2 cm, leathery, slightly veined, apex acute, surfaces glabrous to slightly scaly;

corolla tubular, petals erect, violet (white), ligulate, 5–6 cm;

stamens exserted;

stigma exserted, conduplicate-spiral.

5–30, conspicuous;

sepals with adaxial pair connate, elliptic, keeled, to 1.6 cm, thin-leathery, veined, apex obtuse, surfaces slightly scaly;

corolla tubular, petals erect, violet, ligulate, 3–4.5 cm;

stamens exserted;

stigma exserted, conduplicate-spiral.

Fruits

to 4 cm.

to 3 cm.

Floral

bracts imbricate, erect, red, red-yellow-green, or green, broad (covering all or most of rachis, rachis not visible at anthesis), elliptic, keeled, 2–4.8 × 1.2–2 cm, thin-leathery, base not visible at anthesis, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or slightly scaly toward apex, venation even to slight.

bracts imbricate, erect, rose, broad (covering all or most of rachis, rachis not visible at anthesis), elliptic, keeled, 1.4–1.8 cm, thin-leathery, base not visible at anthesis, apex acute, surfaces appressed-grayish-scaly, venation slight apically.

Tillandsia fasciculata

Tillandsia simulata

Phenology Flowering spring.
Habitat Epiphytic on a variety of hosts in swamps and moist hammocks, usually in strong light
Elevation 0–30 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 7 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Tillandsia simulata is a distinct species, but preserved material often is misdetermined as Tillandsia bartramii Elliott. L. B. Smith and R. J. Downs (1977) treated T. simulata as a synonym under T. bartramii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Spikes of inflorescence rarely less than 10 cm; floral bracts to 3–4.8 cm
var. fasciculata
1. Spikes of inflorescence, or at least their fertile portions, rarely over 10 cm; floral bracts 2–3 cm.
→ 2
2. Inflorescence laxly palmate, spikes stipitate with elongate, slender, sterile bracteate bases
var. clavispica
2. Inflorescence densely palmate, spikes short-stipitate to subsessile, without elongate, slender, sterile bracteate bases
var. densispica
Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Bromeliaceae > Tillandsia Bromeliaceae > Tillandsia
Sibling taxa
T. baileyi, T. balbisiana, T. bartramii, T. flexuosa, T. paucifolia, T. pruinosa, T. recurvata, T. setacea, T. simulata, T. usneoides, T. utriculata, T. variabilis, T. ×floridana, T. ×smalliana
T. baileyi, T. balbisiana, T. bartramii, T. fasciculata, T. flexuosa, T. paucifolia, T. pruinosa, T. recurvata, T. setacea, T. usneoides, T. utriculata, T. variabilis, T. ×floridana, T. ×smalliana
Subordinate taxa
T. fasciculata var. clavispica, T. fasciculata var. densispica, T. fasciculata var. fasciculata
Name authority Swartz: Prodr. 56. (1788) Small: Manual of the Southeastern Flora 270, 1503. (1933)
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