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and, coolwort, false mitrewort, foam-flower, laceflower, Latin tiara, sugar-scoop, tiarelle, turban

Habit Herbs (often evergreen), rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous; caudex creeping, scaly.
Flowering stems

erect, usually leafless, rarely with 1–2 leafy bracts, 10–70 cm, short to long glandular-stipitate.

Leaves

in basal rosette and, sometimes, cauline, simple or 3-foliolate;

stipules present;

petiole short to long stipitate-glandular (hairs usually denser distally, gland-tipped);

blade cordate or broadly ovate, lobed, base cordate, margins crenate to dentate, apex acute, abaxial surface stipitate-glandular along veins, adaxial surface stipitate-glandular, sometimes appressed, hairs uniformly scattered;

venation palmate.

Inflorescences

racemes (sometimes with paniculate branches at base) or panicles, terminal from axillary buds in rosette, 15–70-flowered, bracteate.

Flowers

radially symmetric or somewhat bilaterally symmetric;

hypanthium barely adnate to ovary proximally, 0.2–0.9 mm free from ovary, white or pinkish, (campanulate);

sepals 5, whitish or pinkish, (ovate to lanceolate, apex acute or obtuse, glandular-stipitate abaxially, glabrous adaxially);

petals 5, white or pinkish to purplish;

nectary disc absent or inconspicuous;

stamens 10;

filaments linear;

ovary superior, 1-locular, carpels connate, unequal;

placentation parietal;

styles 2, (tapering);

stigmas 2.

Capsules

2-winged (beaked), unequally valvate, abaxial carpel 1.5–2 times longer than adaxial carpel, (papery, each wing 5–10-veined).

Seeds

black, shiny, ellipsoid or ovoid, (base truncate), puncticulate; (funicular appendage absent).

x

= 7.

Tiarella

Distribution
from USDA
North America; Asia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 3 (2 in the flora).

Intergeneric hybrids between Tiarella cordifolia and species of Heuchera and Mitella have been documented. Tiarella is placed within the Heuchera group of the Saxifragaceae. Based on cpDNA and other cytological traits, this is one of the best-defined groups of the Saxifragaceae. Chloroplast DNA restriction site data for the Heuchera group suggest the group as being paraphyletic. Tiarella cordifolia is known from eastern North America and T. trifoliata is known from western North America. Tiarella polyphylla D. Don occurs in Asia in the Himalayas through western and central China to Japan and Taiwan. Tiarella is used as a diuretic as well as for suppression of urine production and in treating kidney stones.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences racemes; leaves simple; cauline leaves absent or 1; petals oblanceolate to elliptic, apex 3-toothed; e North America.
T. cordifolia
1. Inflorescences panicles; leaves simple or trifoliolate; cauline leaves 1-5; petals linear or subulate, apex attenuate; w North America.
T. trifoliata
Source FNA vol. 8, p. 114. Author: Suneeti Jog.
Parent taxa Saxifragaceae
Subordinate taxa
T. cordifolia, T. trifoliata
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 405. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 190. 1754 ,
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