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golden banner, golden pea, mountain buck-bean, mountain golden-banner, mountain golden-pea, mountain thermopsis

buffalo bean, buffalo flower, false-lupine, golden bean, prairie golden bean, prairie thermopsis

Habit Herbs delicate, 2–8(–10) dm, glabrate, appressed-pubescent, or thinly villous. Herbs dwarf and robust, 1.2–3 dm, glabrate to appressed-pubescent.
Stems

slender, erect, solitary or clustered, moderately or few-branched, from woody rootstock or rhizomes;

branches ascending at 20–45º, weakly or moderately zigzag.

slender, erect or ascending, solitary or clustered, few-branched, from woody rootstock or rhizomes;

branches ascending at 25–50º, weakly zigzag.

Leaves

stipules persistent, widely ovate or elliptic, 1.7–4.5 × 0.7–2.5 cm, base oblique to cuneate, apex acuminate or acute;

petiole 1–4 cm;

leaflet blades elliptic or obovate, 3.5–8 × 0.7–3(–5) cm, lateral veins 6–11 pairs, conspicuously net-veined abaxially or not, apex acute or obtuse, sometimes short-mucronate or emarginate, surfaces sparsely appressed-pubescent or glabrous.

stipules persistent, ovate to widely ovate or elliptic to widely elliptic, 1–2.6 × 0.5–1.5(–2.2) cm, base cuneate to oblique, apex acute to obtuse, short-mucronate;

petiole 0.8–2.2 cm;

leaflet blades elliptic to obovate or narrowly elliptic, 1.7–3.3 × 0.6–2 cm, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, conspicuously net-veined abaxially, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes short-mucronate, surfaces appressed-pubescent to sparsely tomentose or glabrate abaxially, glabrous adaxially.

Racemes

6–25-flowered, 4–25 cm;

flowers in whorls of 2 or 3 or scattered.

5–15-flowered, 4–12 cm;

flowers in whorls of 2 or 3 or scattered.

Peduncles

2–8 cm;

bracts semipersistent, narrowly elliptic or elliptic to widely ovate, 6–10 × 2.5–6 mm.

1–4 cm;

bracts deciduous, elliptic to obovate, 5–9 × 3–5 mm.

Pedicels

3.5–5 mm, villosulous.

3–7 mm, glabrate to densely appressed-pubescent.

Flowers

1.6–2.2 cm;

calyx 9–11 × 5–8 mm at limb, lobes 3–5 mm, shorter than tube;

wings and keel petals asymmetrically oblong-elliptic;

ovary velutinous or densely appressed-pubescent;

ovules 10–16.

1.9–2.1 cm;

calyx (6–)8–10(–12) × 4.5–6 mm at limb, lobes (3–)4–5 mm, equal to or shorter than tube;

wing petals asymmetrically oblong to very widely ovate, keel petals asymmetrically oblong-widely elliptic;

ovary glabrate to appressed-puberulent;

ovules 12–14.

Legumes

ascending, straight, 4.5–6.5 × 0.4–0.6 cm, villosulous or appressed-pubescent.

divergent, strongly arcuate to annular, 3–7 × 0.4–0.7 cm, glabrate to sparsely tomentose.

Seeds

6–16, brown-black, oblong, 3.5–5 × 2.5–3 mm, beaked.

2–10, brown, elliptic, 3.5–4 × 2.5 mm, beaked.

2n

= 18.

Thermopsis montana

Thermopsis rhombifolia

Phenology Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Xeric grasslands in deep alluvial soils and lower canyons, roadsides.
Elevation 2000–3000.
Distribution
from USDA
North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; UT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

The strictly erect fruits distinguish Thermopsis montana from T. gracilis and from the superficially similar T. divaricarpa. Intermediate populations and possible hybrids are discussed under T. divaricarpa by C. J. Chen et al. (1994).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs 2–7 dm, appressed-pubescent to thinly villous; stems solitary or clustered, few-branched, from woody rootstock or rhizomes; leaflet blades not conspicuously net-veined abaxially; floral bracts elliptic to widely ovate.
var. montana
1. Herbs 5–8(–10) dm, glabrate to sparsely appressed-pubescent; stems clustered, several-branched, from woody rootstock; leaflet blades conspicuously net-veined abaxially; floral bracts narrowly elliptic.
var. ovata
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Thermopsis Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Thermopsis
Sibling taxa
T. californica, T. divaricarpa, T. fraxinifolia, T. gracilis, T. macrophylla, T. mollis, T. rhombifolia, T. robusta, T. villosa
T. californica, T. divaricarpa, T. fraxinifolia, T. gracilis, T. macrophylla, T. mollis, T. montana, T. robusta, T. villosa
Subordinate taxa
T. montana var. montana, T. montana var. ovata
Synonyms T. rhombifolia var. montana Cytisus rhombifolius
Name authority Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 388. (1840) (Nuttall ex Pursh) Richardson in J. Franklin: Narr. Journey Polar Sea, 737. (1823)
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