Thelypteris simulata |
Thelypteris tetragona |
|
---|---|---|
bog fern, Massachusetts fern, thélyptère simulatrice |
free-tip star-hair fern, freetip maiden fern |
|
Stems | long-creeping, 1.5–3 mm diam. |
short-creeping, 3–5 mm diam. |
Leaves | monomorphic, dying back in winter, often 1 cm or more apart, fertile leaves often somewhat longer than sterile leaves, 25–80 cm. |
somewhat dimorphic, evergreen, somewhat spaced, fertile leaves long-petioled, more erect, and with more contracted pinnae, to ca. 1.1 m. Petiole straw-colored, to 60 cm × 2–5 mm, at base sparsely set with brown, lanceolate, stellate-hairy scales. |
Petiole | straw-colored above base, 12–45 cm × 1–3 mm, at base sparsely set with tan, ovate, glabrous scales. |
|
Blade | lanceolate, 14–35 cm, proximal pinnae largest, or lowest pair slightly smaller, blade tapered gradually to pinnatifid apex. |
30–45(–55) × 15–25 cm, broadest at base, with apical pinna similar to lateral pinnae. |
Pinnae | deeply pinnatifid to ca. 1 mm from costa, 3–10 × 1–2 cm; segments oblong, somewhat oblique, entire; proximal pair of veins from adjacent segments meeting margin above sinus. |
6–8(–12) pairs, 7–15(–18) × 2–3 cm (fertile 1–2 cm), incised 1/2–3/4 of width; segments 3–5 mm wide, rounded at apex; veins 6–10 pairs, proximal pair from adjacent segments united at obtuse angle below sinus with excurrent vein ca. 0.5–1 mm to sinus. |
Sori | round, medial; indusia tan, often glandular; sporangia glabrous. |
round, medial to supramedial; indusia lacking; sporangia with numerous hairs 0.1 mm. |
Indument | abaxially of sparsely set hairs 0.2–0.4 mm primarily on costae, also of yellowish short-stalked glands less than 0.1 mm, blade tissue with numerous reddish to orangish, resinous, shiny, sessile, hemispheric glands; blades adaxially with scattered hairs on veins. |
abaxially of mostly needlelike hairs 0.1–0.3 mm on costae and veins, blade tissue glabrous on both sides. |
2n | = 128. |
= 144. |
Thelypteris simulata |
Thelypteris tetragona |
|
Habitat | Terrestrial in acid soils of shaded swamps and bogs, frequently associated with sphagnum | Damp woods |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; MA; MD; ME; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
|
FL; Mexico; West Indies in the Antilles; Central America to Panama; n South America |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Parathelypteris | Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Goniopteris |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Aspidium simulatum, Parathelypteris simulata | Polypodium tetragonum, Dryopteris tetragona, Goniopteris tetragona |
Name authority | (Davenport) Nieuwland: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 226. (1910) | (Swartz) Small: Ferns S. E. States 256. (1938) |
Web links |