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bog fern, Massachusetts fern, thélyptère simulatrice

free-tip star-hair fern, freetip maiden fern

Stems

long-creeping, 1.5–3 mm diam.

short-creeping, 3–5 mm diam.

Leaves

monomorphic, dying back in winter, often 1 cm or more apart, fertile leaves often somewhat longer than sterile leaves, 25–80 cm.

somewhat dimorphic, evergreen, somewhat spaced, fertile leaves long-petioled, more erect, and with more contracted pinnae, to ca. 1.1 m. Petiole straw-colored, to 60 cm × 2–5 mm, at base sparsely set with brown, lanceolate, stellate-hairy scales.

Petiole

straw-colored above base, 12–45 cm × 1–3 mm, at base sparsely set with tan, ovate, glabrous scales.

Blade

lanceolate, 14–35 cm, proximal pinnae largest, or lowest pair slightly smaller, blade tapered gradually to pinnatifid apex.

30–45(–55) × 15–25 cm, broadest at base, with apical pinna similar to lateral pinnae.

Pinnae

deeply pinnatifid to ca. 1 mm from costa, 3–10 × 1–2 cm;

segments oblong, somewhat oblique, entire;

proximal pair of veins from adjacent segments meeting margin above sinus.

6–8(–12) pairs, 7–15(–18) × 2–3 cm (fertile 1–2 cm), incised 1/2–3/4 of width;

segments 3–5 mm wide, rounded at apex;

veins 6–10 pairs, proximal pair from adjacent segments united at obtuse angle below sinus with excurrent vein ca. 0.5–1 mm to sinus.

Sori

round, medial;

indusia tan, often glandular;

sporangia glabrous.

round, medial to supramedial;

indusia lacking;

sporangia with numerous hairs 0.1 mm.

Indument

abaxially of sparsely set hairs 0.2–0.4 mm primarily on costae, also of yellowish short-stalked glands less than 0.1 mm, blade tissue with numerous reddish to orangish, resinous, shiny, sessile, hemispheric glands;

blades adaxially with scattered hairs on veins.

abaxially of mostly needlelike hairs 0.1–0.3 mm on costae and veins, blade tissue glabrous on both sides.

2n

= 128.

= 144.

Thelypteris simulata

Thelypteris tetragona

Habitat Terrestrial in acid soils of shaded swamps and bogs, frequently associated with sphagnum Damp woods
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft) 0–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DE; MA; MD; ME; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; West Indies in the Antilles; Central America to Panama; n South America
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Parathelypteris Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Goniopteris
Sibling taxa
T. augescens, T. dentata, T. grandis, T. hispidula, T. interrupta, T. kunthii, T. nevadensis, T. noveboracensis, T. ovata, T. palustris, T. patens, T. pilosa, T. puberula, T. quelpaertensis, T. reptans, T. resinifera, T. reticulata, T. sclerophylla, T. serrata, T. tetragona
T. augescens, T. dentata, T. grandis, T. hispidula, T. interrupta, T. kunthii, T. nevadensis, T. noveboracensis, T. ovata, T. palustris, T. patens, T. pilosa, T. puberula, T. quelpaertensis, T. reptans, T. resinifera, T. reticulata, T. sclerophylla, T. serrata, T. simulata
Synonyms Aspidium simulatum, Parathelypteris simulata Polypodium tetragonum, Dryopteris tetragona, Goniopteris tetragona
Name authority (Davenport) Nieuwland: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 226. (1910) (Swartz) Small: Ferns S. E. States 256. (1938)
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