Thelypteris simulata |
Thelypteris kunthii |
|
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bog fern, Massachusetts fern, thélyptère simulatrice |
Kunth's maiden fern, southern shield fern, widespread maiden fern |
|
Stems | long-creeping, 1.5–3 mm diam. |
short- to long-creeping, 4–8 mm diam. |
Leaves | monomorphic, dying back in winter, often 1 cm or more apart, fertile leaves often somewhat longer than sterile leaves, 25–80 cm. |
monomorphic, evergreen, up to 2(–3) cm apart, (15–)50–160 cm. |
Petiole | straw-colored above base, 12–45 cm × 1–3 mm, at base sparsely set with tan, ovate, glabrous scales. |
straw-colored, (5–)20–80 × (1–)3–6 mm, at base with brown, linear-lanceolate, hairy scales. |
Blade | lanceolate, 14–35 cm, proximal pinnae largest, or lowest pair slightly smaller, blade tapered gradually to pinnatifid apex. |
(9–)30–80 cm, broadest at base, gradually tapered to pinnatifid apex. |
Pinnae | deeply pinnatifid to ca. 1 mm from costa, 3–10 × 1–2 cm; segments oblong, somewhat oblique, entire; proximal pair of veins from adjacent segments meeting margin above sinus. |
(2–)8–15(–20) × (0.6–)1–2.5 cm, incised 3/5–4/5 of width; segments oblong, rounded to acute at apex; proximal pair of veins from adjacent segments running to sinus, or nearly so. |
Sori | round, medial; indusia tan, often glandular; sporangia glabrous. |
round, medial to supramedial; indusia tan, hairy, hairs 0.2–0.4 mm; sporangial glands obscure, yellowish, stalked, arising from sporangial stalks. |
Indument | abaxially of sparsely set hairs 0.2–0.4 mm primarily on costae, also of yellowish short-stalked glands less than 0.1 mm, blade tissue with numerous reddish to orangish, resinous, shiny, sessile, hemispheric glands; blades adaxially with scattered hairs on veins. |
abaxially of hairs mostly 0.3–1 mm on costae, veins, and blade tissue; veins adaxially with similar hairs but blade tissue usually without hairs, often with scattered yellowish, stalked glands 0.1 mm. |
2n | = 128. |
= 144. |
Thelypteris simulata |
Thelypteris kunthii |
|
Habitat | Terrestrial in acid soils of shaded swamps and bogs, frequently associated with sphagnum | Roadsides, ditches, riverbanks, woodlands, limestone sinks |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; MA; MD; ME; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
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AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TX; e,s Mexico; West Indies; Bermuda; Central America to Costa Rica; South America from Colombia to n Brazil
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Discussion | Thelypteris kunthii occasionally hybridizes with T. augescens and T. ovata in Florida; hybrids with T. hispidula may also occur. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Parathelypteris | Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Cyclosorus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Aspidium simulatum, Parathelypteris simulata | Nephrodium kunthii, Christella normalis, Dryopteris normalis, T. macrorhizoma, T. normalis, T. saxatilis, T. unca |
Name authority | (Davenport) Nieuwland: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 226. (1910) | (Desvaux) C. V. Morton: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 53. (1967) |
Web links |