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bog fern, Massachusetts fern, thélyptère simulatrice

Kunth's maiden fern, southern shield fern, widespread maiden fern

Stems

long-creeping, 1.5–3 mm diam.

short- to long-creeping, 4–8 mm diam.

Leaves

monomorphic, dying back in winter, often 1 cm or more apart, fertile leaves often somewhat longer than sterile leaves, 25–80 cm.

monomorphic, evergreen, up to 2(–3) cm apart, (15–)50–160 cm.

Petiole

straw-colored above base, 12–45 cm × 1–3 mm, at base sparsely set with tan, ovate, glabrous scales.

straw-colored, (5–)20–80 × (1–)3–6 mm, at base with brown, linear-lanceolate, hairy scales.

Blade

lanceolate, 14–35 cm, proximal pinnae largest, or lowest pair slightly smaller, blade tapered gradually to pinnatifid apex.

(9–)30–80 cm, broadest at base, gradually tapered to pinnatifid apex.

Pinnae

deeply pinnatifid to ca. 1 mm from costa, 3–10 × 1–2 cm;

segments oblong, somewhat oblique, entire;

proximal pair of veins from adjacent segments meeting margin above sinus.

(2–)8–15(–20) × (0.6–)1–2.5 cm, incised 3/5–4/5 of width;

segments oblong, rounded to acute at apex;

proximal pair of veins from adjacent segments running to sinus, or nearly so.

Sori

round, medial;

indusia tan, often glandular;

sporangia glabrous.

round, medial to supramedial;

indusia tan, hairy, hairs 0.2–0.4 mm;

sporangial glands obscure, yellowish, stalked, arising from sporangial stalks.

Indument

abaxially of sparsely set hairs 0.2–0.4 mm primarily on costae, also of yellowish short-stalked glands less than 0.1 mm, blade tissue with numerous reddish to orangish, resinous, shiny, sessile, hemispheric glands;

blades adaxially with scattered hairs on veins.

abaxially of hairs mostly 0.3–1 mm on costae, veins, and blade tissue;

veins adaxially with similar hairs but blade tissue usually without hairs, often with scattered yellowish, stalked glands 0.1 mm.

2n

= 128.

= 144.

Thelypteris simulata

Thelypteris kunthii

Habitat Terrestrial in acid soils of shaded swamps and bogs, frequently associated with sphagnum Roadsides, ditches, riverbanks, woodlands, limestone sinks
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft) 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DE; MA; MD; ME; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TX; e,s Mexico; West Indies; Bermuda; Central America to Costa Rica; South America from Colombia to n Brazil
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Thelypteris kunthii occasionally hybridizes with T. augescens and T. ovata in Florida; hybrids with T. hispidula may also occur.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Parathelypteris Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Cyclosorus
Sibling taxa
T. augescens, T. dentata, T. grandis, T. hispidula, T. interrupta, T. kunthii, T. nevadensis, T. noveboracensis, T. ovata, T. palustris, T. patens, T. pilosa, T. puberula, T. quelpaertensis, T. reptans, T. resinifera, T. reticulata, T. sclerophylla, T. serrata, T. tetragona
T. augescens, T. dentata, T. grandis, T. hispidula, T. interrupta, T. nevadensis, T. noveboracensis, T. ovata, T. palustris, T. patens, T. pilosa, T. puberula, T. quelpaertensis, T. reptans, T. resinifera, T. reticulata, T. sclerophylla, T. serrata, T. simulata, T. tetragona
Synonyms Aspidium simulatum, Parathelypteris simulata Nephrodium kunthii, Christella normalis, Dryopteris normalis, T. macrorhizoma, T. normalis, T. saxatilis, T. unca
Name authority (Davenport) Nieuwland: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 226. (1910) (Desvaux) C. V. Morton: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 53. (1967)
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