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Hottentot fern, spready tri-vein fern, Willdenow's fern, Willdenow's maiden fern

glandular maiden fern, resinous maiden fern, wax-dot maiden fern

Stems

long-creeping, cordlike, 3–6 mm diam.

erect, (3–)5–12 mm diam.

Leaves

monomorphic, evergreen, 3–6 cm apart, 50–150(–250) cm.

monomorphic, evergreen, clustered, (15–)25–100(–135) cm;

croziers often mucilaginous.

Petiole

straw-colored to tan, 20–125 cm × 3–6 mm, scaleless.

straw-colored, 2–15(–25) cm × 1–4(–6) mm, at base with brownish, ovate-lanceolate, ± glabrous scales.

Blade

30–125 cm, broadest at base, gradually narrowed distally to pinnatifid apex.

to 110 cm, proximally with 6–12 pairs of smaller pinnae, distally tapering gradually to a pinnatifid apex.

Pinnae

7–30 × 1–2 cm, incised 1/3–1/2(–3/5) of width;

segments deltate, rounded to acute;

proximal pair of veins from adjacent segments united at acute or obtuse angle below sinus, with excurrent vein 2–4 mm.

Sori

round, medial to supramedial;

indusia tan, glabrous to hairy;

sporangia with red- or orange-capped, stalked, globose glands arising from sporangial stalks.

round, medial to submarginal;

indusia tan, glandular, and sparsely hairy.

Indument

abaxially of hairs 0.1–0.3 mm on costae and veins, or hairs often lacking, costae also with tan, ovate scales;

veins, costules, and costae adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

blade tissue without hairs on both sides, or hairy abaxially, usually with red to orange, shiny, sessile, hemispheric glands abaxially.

abaxially of hairs 0.2–0.5 mm on rachises, costae, and sometimes veins and blade tissue, also of numerous glands, these yellowish to often reddish, resinous, shiny, sessile, hemispheric;

blade tissue adaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Proximal

pinnae hastate or auriculate;

longest (medial) pinnae 2–14(–20) × 0.4–2.5 cm, incised to within 1 mm of costa;

segments 2–3 mm wide, strongly oblique and somewhat curved;

veins meeting margin above sinus.

2n

= 144.

= 58.

Thelypteris interrupta

Thelypteris resinifera

Habitat Wet roadside ditches, riverbanks, marshes, and cypress swamps Damp woods and swamps in subacid soil
Elevation 0–50 m (0–200 ft) 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; LA; Mexico; Central America; West Indies in the Antilles; South America to Argentina; tropical and subtropical Asia; Africa
from FNA
FL; Mexico; Central America; West Indies in the Greater Antilles; nw South America
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

D. B. Lellinger (1985) applied the name Thelypteris interrupta to specimens from India, while using T. totta (type from South Africa) for North American and South American specimens. Diploid cytotypes are known from Africa and Asia, whereas all counts from the Neotropics are tetraploid. Until more counts are available and the morphologic variation (chiefly in glands, pubescence, and leaf size) in this species complex is better understood, I prefer to circumscribe the species broadly.

R. E. Holttum (1982) circumscribed Cyclosorus (as a genus) to include this species and one or two others.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Cyclosorus Thelypteridaceae > Thelypteris > subg. Amauropelta
Sibling taxa
T. augescens, T. dentata, T. grandis, T. hispidula, T. kunthii, T. nevadensis, T. noveboracensis, T. ovata, T. palustris, T. patens, T. pilosa, T. puberula, T. quelpaertensis, T. reptans, T. resinifera, T. reticulata, T. sclerophylla, T. serrata, T. simulata, T. tetragona
T. augescens, T. dentata, T. grandis, T. hispidula, T. interrupta, T. kunthii, T. nevadensis, T. noveboracensis, T. ovata, T. palustris, T. patens, T. pilosa, T. puberula, T. quelpaertensis, T. reptans, T. reticulata, T. sclerophylla, T. serrata, T. simulata, T. tetragona
Synonyms Pteris interrupta, Cyclosorus gongylodes, Cyclosorus interruptus, Cyclosorus tottus, Dryopteris gongylodes, T. gongylodes, T. totta Polypodium resiniferum, Amauropelta resinifera, Dryopteris panamensis, T. panamensis
Name authority (Willdenow) K. Iwatsuki: Jap. J. Bot. 38: 314. (1963) (Desvaux) Proctor: Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5: 63. (1953)
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