Thalictrum polycarpum |
Thalictrum dasycarpum |
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many fruit meadowrue, tall western meadow-rue |
purple meadow-rue |
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Roots | fibrous. |
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Stems | erect, 6-18(-20) dm, glabrous. |
erect, stout, 40-150(-200) cm. |
Leaves | blade 3-4x-ternately compound; leaflets orbiculate to obovate, apically 3-cleft or 3-parted, divisions undivided or shallowly 3-lobed, 15-40 mm wide, lobes rounded or somewhat acute, surfaces glabrous or glandular. |
blade: basal and proximal cauline 3-5x-ternately compound; leaflets brownish green to dark green or bright green, ovate to cuneate-obovate, apically undivided or 2-3(-5)-lobed, 15-60 × 8-45 mm, length 0.9-2.6 times width, usually leathery with veins prominent abaxially, margins often revolute, lobe margins entire, surfaces abaxially usually pubescent and/or papillose (i.e., with very minute sessile glands). |
Inflorescences | terminal, panicles, many flowered. |
panicles, apically ± acutely pyramidal, many flowered; peduncles and pedicels usually glabrous, rarely pubescent or stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | sepals whitish to purplish, elliptic to ovate or lanceolate, 2-4(-5) mm; filaments whitish to pinkish, 3-6 mm; anthers (1.4-)2-4 mm, distinctly apiculate. |
usually unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants; sepals 4(-6), whitish, lanceolate, 3-5 mm; filaments white to purplish, filiform, scarcely dilated distally, 2-6.5 mm, flexible; anthers 1-3.6(-4) mm, usually strongly apiculate. |
Achenes | 10-15, spreading in globose heads, not reflexed, sessile or nearly so; stipe 0-0.6 mm; body nearly globose to obovoid to obliquely obovate, laterally compressed, somewhat inflated and papery, 4-7(-8) mm, glabrous to glandular, often with 1 or 2 primary veins on each side, veins sinuous, branched, anastomosing-reticulate; beak 2-4 mm. |
numerous, sessile or nearly sessile; stipe 0-1.1 mm; body ovoid to fusiform, 2-4.6 mm, prominently veined, usually pubescent and/or glandular; beak often dehiscent as fruit matures, ± straight, filiform, 1.5-4.7(-6) mm, about as long as achene body. |
Thalictrum polycarpum |
Thalictrum dasycarpum |
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Phenology | Flowering mid-late spring (Apr–Jun). | Flowering late spring–summer (May-late Jul). |
Habitat | Streamsides and other moist places, forests, and open woodlands | Deciduous, riparian woods, damp thickets, swamps, wet meadows, and prairies |
Elevation | 600-3100 m (2000-10200 ft) | 80-2500 m (300-8200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; NV; OR; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; AR; AZ; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; ND; NE; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | Thalictrum polycarpum is the only species in sect. Heterogamia with anastomosing-reticulate veins on the achene. The stems and roots of Thalictrum polycarpum are considered poisonous when ingested by humans or cattle; Native Americans used this species medicinally as a wash for headaches, as an applications for sprains, and as a universal charm and panacea (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Thalictrum dasycarpum is a variable species similar to, and possibly intergrading with, T. pubescens. Glabrous variants of T. dasycarpum have been treated as T. dasycarpum var. hypoglaucum. Glabrous and glandular (stipitate and papillate) forms are found throughout the range of the species and occur together in some populations. Native Americans used Thalictrum dasycarpum medicinally to reduce fever, cure cramps, as a stimulant for horses, and as a love charm (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Heterogamia | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Leucocoma |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. fendleri var. polycarpum | T. dasycarpum var. hypoglaucum |
Name authority | (Torrey) S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 288. (1879) | Fischer & Avé Lallemant: in Fischer, C. A. Meyer & Avé-Lallemant, Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 8: 72. (1842) |
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