Thalictrum occidentale |
Thalictrum heliophilum |
|
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western meadow-rue |
cathedral bluff meadow-rue |
|
Roots | yellow to medium brown or black, thin, fibrous. |
fibrous. |
Stems | erect, 30-100(-120) dm, glabrous, often from well-developed rhizomes. |
14-50 cm, arising singly or in dense clusters of 2-3 from short, horizontal, fibrous-rooted rhizomes. |
Leaves | blade 3-4x-ternately compound; leaflets orbiculate to obovate-cuneate or cordate, apically 3-lobed, 10-30 mm wide, lobe margins coarsely crenate, surfaces glabrous to glandular. |
blade ternately compound, cauline blades gradually reduced upward, distalmost 2-ternate; leaflets broadly obovate, apically 3-toothed, otherwise undivided, 5-8 × 4-5 mm, leathery, surfaces glabrous, glaucous. |
Inflorescences | terminal (some flowers in axils of distal leaves), panicles, rather open, many flowered. |
terminal, panicles, many flowered. |
Flowers | sepals whitish or greenish or purplish tinged, ovate, 3.5-4.4 mm in staminate flowers, 1.5-2 mm in pistillate flowers; filaments purplish, 4-10 mm; anthers 1.5-4 mm, long-apiculate; stigma often purplish. |
sepals 4, color unknown, lanceolate to ovate, 2-3 mm; filaments brownish, 2-3 mm; anthers 2-3 mm, apiculate; stigma color unknown. |
Achenes | 6-9, spreading to reflexed, short-stipitate; stipe 0.4-1.2 mm; body fusiform, not laterally compressed, (4-)6-9(-10) mm, tapering at both ends, glandular, strongly 3-veined on each side, veins not anastomosing; beak 3-4.5(-6) mm. |
4-5(-6), not reflexed, nearly sessile; stipe 0.1-0.2 mm; body oblique-obovate, strongly laterally compressed, 4-5 mm, glabrous, glaucous, prominently 3-veined on each side, veins converging near apex, rarely branched or sinuous, not anastomosing-reticulate; beak ca. 1.5 mm. |
Thalictrum occidentale |
Thalictrum heliophilum |
|
Phenology | Flowering early summer-mid summer (Jun–Aug). | Flowering summer–summer (Jun–Aug). |
Habitat | Open woods, meadows, and copses | Decomposing shale of Green River Formation |
Elevation | 200-3400 m (700-11200 ft) | 2500 m (8200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; YT
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CO |
Discussion | Thalictrum occidentale is similar to T. confine and T. venulosum; thorough field studies are needed to determine whether or not they should be maintained as separate species. Thalictrum occidentale can usually be distinguished by its reflexed achenes. Plants of northern British Columbia, sometimes called Thalictrum occidentale var. breitungii (B. Boivin) Brayshaw, appear to be intermediate between T. occidentale and T. venulosum (T. C. Brayshaw, pers. comm.); achenes are ascending, ± compressed, and beaks rather short (2-4 mm) (T. C. Brayshaw 1989). Some of the Native Americans used Thalictrum occidentale medicinally for headaches, eye trouble, and sore legs, to loosen phlem, and to improve blood circulation (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. In a genus of primarily mesophytic plants, Thalictrum heliophilum is notable for its relatively xeric habitat. Known only from Garfield and Rio Blanco counties, northwestern Colorado, it is similar to the widespread T. fendleri; it may be distinguished by its smaller, leathery, glaucous leaflets and fewer achenes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Heterogamia | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Heterogamia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. occidentale var. macounii, T. occidentale var. palousense | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 372. (1873) | Wilken & DeMott: Brittonia 35: 156. (1983) |
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