Thalictrum occidentale |
Thalictrum cooleyi |
|
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western meadow-rue |
Cooley's meadow-rue |
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Roots | yellow to medium brown or black, thin, fibrous. |
|
Stems | erect, 30-100(-120) dm, glabrous, often from well-developed rhizomes. |
erect to reclining, slender, 60-200 cm. |
Leaves | blade 3-4x-ternately compound; leaflets orbiculate to obovate-cuneate or cordate, apically 3-lobed, 10-30 mm wide, lobe margins coarsely crenate, surfaces glabrous to glandular. |
blade: proximal cauline mostly 2x-ternately compound, distal cauline usually ternately compound; leaflets linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, apically occasionally 2-3-lobed, 12-68 × 1-12 mm, length (2.6-)4-26 times width, membranous to leathery, margins sometimes revolute, lobe margins entire; surfaces abaxially glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal (some flowers in axils of distal leaves), panicles, rather open, many flowered. |
racemes to panicles, elongate, few flowered; peduncles and pedicels neither pubescent nor glandular. |
Flowers | sepals whitish or greenish or purplish tinged, ovate, 3.5-4.4 mm in staminate flowers, 1.5-2 mm in pistillate flowers; filaments purplish, 4-10 mm; anthers 1.5-4 mm, long-apiculate; stigma often purplish. |
usually unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants; sepals 4-5, white to yellowish in staminate flowers, greenish in pistillate flowers, obovate, 1.5 mm; filaments white to purple, 2.5-6 mm; anthers 0.9-2.5 mm. |
Achenes | 6-9, spreading to reflexed, short-stipitate; stipe 0.4-1.2 mm; body fusiform, not laterally compressed, (4-)6-9(-10) mm, tapering at both ends, glandular, strongly 3-veined on each side, veins not anastomosing; beak 3-4.5(-6) mm. |
5-6, sessile or nearly sessile; stipe 0-0.4 mm; body ellipsoid, 4.5-6 mm, prominently veined, glabrous; beak 1.3-2.4 mm. |
2n | = 210. |
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Thalictrum occidentale |
Thalictrum cooleyi |
|
Phenology | Flowering early summer-mid summer (Jun–Aug). | Flowering summer (mid Jun-mid Jul). |
Habitat | Open woods, meadows, and copses | Boggy, savannahlike borders of low woodlands, and disturbed areas such as roadside ditches, clearings, and edges of frequently burned savannahs |
Elevation | 200-3400 m (700-11200 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; YT
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FL; NC |
Discussion | Thalictrum occidentale is similar to T. confine and T. venulosum; thorough field studies are needed to determine whether or not they should be maintained as separate species. Thalictrum occidentale can usually be distinguished by its reflexed achenes. Plants of northern British Columbia, sometimes called Thalictrum occidentale var. breitungii (B. Boivin) Brayshaw, appear to be intermediate between T. occidentale and T. venulosum (T. C. Brayshaw, pers. comm.); achenes are ascending, ± compressed, and beaks rather short (2-4 mm) (T. C. Brayshaw 1989). Some of the Native Americans used Thalictrum occidentale medicinally for headaches, eye trouble, and sore legs, to loosen phlem, and to improve blood circulation (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Thalictrum cooleyi occurs commonly on Grifton soil and is associated with some sort of disturbance, including clearings, edges of frequently burned savannahs, roadsides, and powerline rights-of-way that are maintained by fire or mowing. Silvicultural and agricultural practices and their associated suppression of fire have seriously affected populations of T. cooleyi. Furthermore, fruit production appears to be quite low in the species (S. W. Leonard 1987). Leaves of Thalictrum cooleyi have fewer leaflets than other species of Thalictrum sect. Leucocoma. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3, p. 270. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Heterogamia | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Leucocoma |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. occidentale var. macounii, T. occidentale var. palousense | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 372. (1873) | H. E. Ahles: Brittonia 11: 68. (1959) |
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