Thalictrum occidentale |
Thalictrum polycarpum |
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western meadow-rue |
many fruit meadowrue, tall western meadow-rue |
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Roots | yellow to medium brown or black, thin, fibrous. |
fibrous. |
Stems | erect, 30-100(-120) dm, glabrous, often from well-developed rhizomes. |
erect, 6-18(-20) dm, glabrous. |
Leaves | blade 3-4x-ternately compound; leaflets orbiculate to obovate-cuneate or cordate, apically 3-lobed, 10-30 mm wide, lobe margins coarsely crenate, surfaces glabrous to glandular. |
blade 3-4x-ternately compound; leaflets orbiculate to obovate, apically 3-cleft or 3-parted, divisions undivided or shallowly 3-lobed, 15-40 mm wide, lobes rounded or somewhat acute, surfaces glabrous or glandular. |
Inflorescences | terminal (some flowers in axils of distal leaves), panicles, rather open, many flowered. |
terminal, panicles, many flowered. |
Flowers | sepals whitish or greenish or purplish tinged, ovate, 3.5-4.4 mm in staminate flowers, 1.5-2 mm in pistillate flowers; filaments purplish, 4-10 mm; anthers 1.5-4 mm, long-apiculate; stigma often purplish. |
sepals whitish to purplish, elliptic to ovate or lanceolate, 2-4(-5) mm; filaments whitish to pinkish, 3-6 mm; anthers (1.4-)2-4 mm, distinctly apiculate. |
Achenes | 6-9, spreading to reflexed, short-stipitate; stipe 0.4-1.2 mm; body fusiform, not laterally compressed, (4-)6-9(-10) mm, tapering at both ends, glandular, strongly 3-veined on each side, veins not anastomosing; beak 3-4.5(-6) mm. |
10-15, spreading in globose heads, not reflexed, sessile or nearly so; stipe 0-0.6 mm; body nearly globose to obovoid to obliquely obovate, laterally compressed, somewhat inflated and papery, 4-7(-8) mm, glabrous to glandular, often with 1 or 2 primary veins on each side, veins sinuous, branched, anastomosing-reticulate; beak 2-4 mm. |
Thalictrum occidentale |
Thalictrum polycarpum |
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Phenology | Flowering early summer-mid summer (Jun–Aug). | Flowering mid-late spring (Apr–Jun). |
Habitat | Open woods, meadows, and copses | Streamsides and other moist places, forests, and open woodlands |
Elevation | 200-3400 m (700-11200 ft) | 600-3100 m (2000-10200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; YT
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CA; NV; OR; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Thalictrum occidentale is similar to T. confine and T. venulosum; thorough field studies are needed to determine whether or not they should be maintained as separate species. Thalictrum occidentale can usually be distinguished by its reflexed achenes. Plants of northern British Columbia, sometimes called Thalictrum occidentale var. breitungii (B. Boivin) Brayshaw, appear to be intermediate between T. occidentale and T. venulosum (T. C. Brayshaw, pers. comm.); achenes are ascending, ± compressed, and beaks rather short (2-4 mm) (T. C. Brayshaw 1989). Some of the Native Americans used Thalictrum occidentale medicinally for headaches, eye trouble, and sore legs, to loosen phlem, and to improve blood circulation (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Thalictrum polycarpum is the only species in sect. Heterogamia with anastomosing-reticulate veins on the achene. The stems and roots of Thalictrum polycarpum are considered poisonous when ingested by humans or cattle; Native Americans used this species medicinally as a wash for headaches, as an applications for sprains, and as a universal charm and panacea (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Heterogamia | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Heterogamia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. occidentale var. macounii, T. occidentale var. palousense | T. fendleri var. polycarpum |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 372. (1873) | (Torrey) S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 288. (1879) |
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