Thalictrum dioicum |
Thalictrum occidentale |
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early meadow-rue, pigamon dioïque, quicksilver-weed |
western meadow-rue |
|
Roots | yellow to light brown, fibrous, from stout caudex. |
yellow to medium brown or black, thin, fibrous. |
Stems | erect, 30-80 cm, glabrous or glandular. |
erect, 30-100(-120) dm, glabrous, often from well-developed rhizomes. |
Leaves | blade 1-4x-ternately compound; leaflets reniform or cordate to obovate or orbiculate, apically 3-12-lobed, 10-45 mm wide, lobe margins often crenate, surfaces abaxially glabrous or glandular. |
blade 3-4x-ternately compound; leaflets orbiculate to obovate-cuneate or cordate, apically 3-lobed, 10-30 mm wide, lobe margins coarsely crenate, surfaces glabrous to glandular. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, panicles to corymbs, many flowered. |
terminal (some flowers in axils of distal leaves), panicles, rather open, many flowered. |
Flowers | sepals greenish to purple, ovate or obovate to oval, 1.8-4 mm; filaments yellow to greenish yellow, 3.5-5.5 mm; anthers 2-4 mm, mucronate to acuminate; stigma purple. |
sepals whitish or greenish or purplish tinged, ovate, 3.5-4.4 mm in staminate flowers, 1.5-2 mm in pistillate flowers; filaments purplish, 4-10 mm; anthers 1.5-4 mm, long-apiculate; stigma often purplish. |
Achenes | (3-)7–13, not reflexed, sessile or nearly so; stipe terete, 0-0.2 mm; body ovoid to ellipsoid, not laterally compressed, 3.5-5 mm, glabrous, very strongly veined, veins not anastomosing-reticulate; beak 1.5-3 mm. |
6-9, spreading to reflexed, short-stipitate; stipe 0.4-1.2 mm; body fusiform, not laterally compressed, (4-)6-9(-10) mm, tapering at both ends, glandular, strongly 3-veined on each side, veins not anastomosing; beak 3-4.5(-6) mm. |
Thalictrum dioicum |
Thalictrum occidentale |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). | Flowering early summer-mid summer (Jun–Aug). |
Habitat | Rocky woods, ravines, and alluvial terraces, mountains and piedmont | Open woods, meadows, and copses |
Elevation | 10-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 200-3400 m (700-11200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
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AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; YT
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Discussion | Glandular plants of Thalictrum dioicum have often been misidentified as T. revolutum despite important differences, especially the leaflets having crenate versus entire lobe margins, respectively. The stamens in both T. dioicum and T. revolutum are pendulous. Native Americans used roots of Thalictrum dioicum in various preparations to treat diarrhea and vomiting and for heart palpitations (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Thalictrum occidentale is similar to T. confine and T. venulosum; thorough field studies are needed to determine whether or not they should be maintained as separate species. Thalictrum occidentale can usually be distinguished by its reflexed achenes. Plants of northern British Columbia, sometimes called Thalictrum occidentale var. breitungii (B. Boivin) Brayshaw, appear to be intermediate between T. occidentale and T. venulosum (T. C. Brayshaw, pers. comm.); achenes are ascending, ± compressed, and beaks rather short (2-4 mm) (T. C. Brayshaw 1989). Some of the Native Americans used Thalictrum occidentale medicinally for headaches, eye trouble, and sore legs, to loosen phlem, and to improve blood circulation (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Heterogamia | Ranunculaceae > Thalictrum > sect. Heterogamia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | T. occidentale var. macounii, T. occidentale var. palousense | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 545. (1753) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 372. (1873) |
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