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stone rubberweed, Torrey's four-nerve daisy

stemmy four-nerve daisy, stemmy hymenoxys

Habit Perennials, 2–15+ cm. Perennials, 14–40+ cm.
Caudices

± branched, branches notably thickened distally.

often highly branched, branches not notably thickened distally.

Stems

1–30(–40), erect, unbranched.

1–50, erect, sometimes branched near bases, sometimes densely woolly among proximal leaves.

Leaves

all basal, new leaves tightly clustered;

blades (midribs usually pronounced) spatulate or oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, entire, glabrous or usually sparsely, sometimes moderately to densely, hairy, densely gland-dotted.

all basal-proximal (new leaves not tightly clustered);

blades spatulate to oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate or linear, entire or with 2 teeth or lobes, sparsely to densely hairy, ± gland-dotted.

Peduncles

(0.5–)2–15 cm, ± hairy proximally, almost always densely lanate distally.

12–40 cm, ± hairy.

Involucres

10–12 × 12–15 mm.

5–10 × 7–12 mm.

Ray florets

7–14;

corollas 11–17 mm.

12–26;

corollas 7.4–22 mm.

Disc florets

25–150+;

corollas yellow, 4–4.7 mm.

25–180+;

corollas yellow, 2.5–3.5 mm.

Outer phyllaries

4–8, 6–8.5 mm, margins (0.3–)0.5–1.2 mm wide, usually conspicuously scarious, abaxial faces ± hairy.

8–16, 3.8–6.6 mm, margins 0–0.2(–0.4) mm wide, sometimes to often slightly scarious, abaxial faces ± hairy.

Heads

1–10(–40) per plant, borne singly.

1–50 per plant, borne singly or in fastigiate arrays.

Cypselae

3–4 mm;

pappi of 5–7 obovate to oblanceolate, aristate scales 3–4(–4.5) mm.

2–3 mm;

pappi of 5–7 obovate to oblanceolate, aristate scales 1.6–2.3 mm.

Tetraneuris torreyana

Tetraneuris scaposa

Phenology Flowering May–Jun(–Sep).
Habitat Roadsides, hillsides, slopes, open treeless areas, edges of woods
Elevation (1300–)1700–3100 m ((4300–)5600–10200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; MT; UT; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; KS; NE; NM; OK; TX; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

The name “Hymenoxys scaposa (de Candolle) K. F. Parker var. glabra (Nuttall) K. F. Parker” appears never to have been published. Parker did make the combination Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) K. F. Parker var. glabra (A. Gray) K. F. Parker based on Actinella scaposa (de Candolle) Nuttall var. glabra A. Gray, which she mistakenly called Actinea scaposa Nuttall var. glabra A. Gray.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems not densely woolly among proximal leaves; leaves crowded (internodes not evident); Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas
var. scaposa
1. Stems densely woolly among proximal leaves; leaves not crowded (internodes evident); Texas
var. argyrocaulon
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 451. FNA vol. 21, p. 449.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Tetraneuris Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Tetraneuris
Sibling taxa
T. acaulis, T. argentea, T. herbacea, T. ivesiana, T. linearifolia, T. scaposa, T. turneri, T. verdiensis
T. acaulis, T. argentea, T. herbacea, T. ivesiana, T. linearifolia, T. torreyana, T. turneri, T. verdiensis
Subordinate taxa
T. scaposa var. argyrocaulon, T. scaposa var. scaposa
Synonyms Actinella torreyana, Hymenoxys depressa, Hymenoxys lapidicola, Hymenoxys torreyana, T. depressa Cephalophora scaposa, Hymenoxys scaposa
Name authority (Nuttall) Greene: Pittonia 3: 265. (1898) (de Candolle) Greene: Pittonia 3: 266. (1898)
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