Tetraneuris torreyana |
Tetraneuris |
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stone rubberweed, Torrey's four-nerve daisy |
bitterweed, four-nerve daisy |
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Habit | Perennials, 2–15+ cm. | Annuals or perennials, 2–50+ cm (perennials with ± branched, woody caudices). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Caudices | ± branched, branches notably thickened distally. |
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Stems | 1–30(–40), erect, unbranched. |
1–60, erect or ± decumbent, unbranched or sparingly branched distally. |
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Leaves | all basal, new leaves tightly clustered; blades (midribs usually pronounced) spatulate or oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, entire, glabrous or usually sparsely, sometimes moderately to densely, hairy, densely gland-dotted. |
all basal, or basal-proximal, or basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades (usually with distinct midribs) mostly oblanceolate to linear or filiform, sometimes lobed, ultimate margins usually entire, sometimes toothed, faces glabrous or ± hairy, eglandular or ± gland-dotted. |
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Peduncles | (0.5–)2–15 cm, ± hairy proximally, almost always densely lanate distally. |
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Involucres | 10–12 × 12–15 mm. |
hemispheric to campanulate 6–20 mm diam. |
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Receptacles | hemispheric to conic, shallowly pitted or smooth, epaleate. |
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Ray florets | 7–14; corollas 11–17 mm. |
0 or 7–27, pistillate, fertile; corollas (usually marcescent) yellow (laminae fan-shaped to oblanceolate, usually 3-lobed). |
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Disc florets | 25–150+; corollas yellow, 4–4.7 mm. |
20–250+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow proximally, yellow or purplish distally, tubes shorter than cylindric to cylindro-campanulate throats, lobes 5, ± deltate. |
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Phyllaries | 11–60+ in 3 series (mostly spreading to erect in fruit, distinct, herbaceous; outer with or without scarious margins, abaxial faces ± hairy; mid usually same number as, alternating with, and similar to outer, almost always with ± scarious margins; inner narrower than others, margins scarious). |
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Outer phyllaries | 4–8, 6–8.5 mm, margins (0.3–)0.5–1.2 mm wide, usually conspicuously scarious, abaxial faces ± hairy. |
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Heads | 1–10(–40) per plant, borne singly. |
radiate or discoid, borne singly or in paniculiform to corymbiform or fastigiate arrays. |
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Cypselae | 3–4 mm; pappi of 5–7 obovate to oblanceolate, aristate scales 3–4(–4.5) mm. |
± obpyramidal, moderately to densely hairy; pappi persistent, of 4–8 usually aristate, scales. |
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x | = 15. |
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Tetraneuris torreyana |
Tetraneuris |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun(–Sep). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Roadsides, hillsides, slopes, open treeless areas, edges of woods | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | (1300–)1700–3100 m ((4300–)5600–10200 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CO; MT; UT; WY
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North America; Mexico |
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Discussion | Species 9 (9 in the flora). Here, strigoso-canescent refers to often silvery induments (hairs tightly appressed, relatively short, 1–1.5 mm) of Tetraneuris argentea and T. acaulis var. acaulis. Such induments contrast with lanuginose or sericeous induments (hairs spreading, ca 1.5–3 mm) in other taxa, including T. ivesiana and the other three varieties of T. acaulis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 451. | FNA vol. 21, p. 447. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Tetraneuris | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Actinella torreyana, Hymenoxys depressa, Hymenoxys lapidicola, Hymenoxys torreyana, T. depressa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Nuttall) Greene: Pittonia 3: 265. (1898) | Greene: Pittonia 3: 265. (1898) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |