Tetraneuris ivesiana |
Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Gaillardiinae |
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Ives' four-nerve-daisy |
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Habit | Perennials, 10–26+ cm. | Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 3–160 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Caudices | ± branched, branches notably thickened distally. |
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Stems | (1–)5–20(–30), erect, leafy, ± branched distally. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline, entire, glabrous or sparsely to moderately lanuginose to sericeous, usually densely gland-dotted; basal leaves tightly clustered, blades linear-oblanceolate; proximal cauline blades linear-oblanceolate; mid blades linear-oblanceolate to linear, 1.7–2 mm wide; distal blades linear-oblanceolate to linear. |
basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly elliptic, filiform, lanceolate, linear, oblong, ovate, or spatulate, often 1–2-pinnately or -ternately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy, usually gland-dotted. |
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Peduncles | 5–18.5 cm, ± hairy, usually densely hairy distally. |
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Involucres | 8–12 × 13–17 mm. |
mostly campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, obconic, or ± rotate. |
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Receptacles | mostly conic, convex, flat, globose, hemispheric, or ovoid, epaleate (smooth or slightly to deeply pitted, sometimes with setiform enations, sometimes gland-dotted; outer disc florets rarely subtended by paleae in Amblyolepis). |
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Ray florets | 7–10; corollas 10–20 mm. |
0, or 1–55 (in 1–3 series), pistillate and fertile, or styliferous and sterile, or neuter; corollas mostly yellow to orange, sometimes wholly or partly purple, red-brown, or reddish. |
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Disc florets | (40–)80–150+; corollas yellow, 3.3–4.5 mm. |
5–250+, usually bisexual and fertile, rarely functionally staminate; corollas yellow, orange, or wholly or partly purple, red-brown, or reddish, tubes much shorter than to about equaling slightly to abruptly and greatly dilated, funnelform to campanulate or urceolate throats, lobes 5, deltate to lance-deltate (equal or unequal, often attenuate, glabrous, papillate, or hairy, hairs sometimes moniliform); anther thecae pale; stigmatic papillae in 2 lines. |
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Phyllaries | persistent, 5–50+ in 2–3+ series, distinct or outer connate, mostly elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, oblong, or ovate, subequal or unequal (erect or reflexed in fruit, usually herbaceous to scarious, margins seldom scarious). |
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Outer phyllaries | 7–12, 5–6.4 mm, margins 0–0.3(–0.4) mm wide, usually scarious, abaxial faces ± hairy. |
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Calyculi | 0. |
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Heads | (1–)5–30(–40) per plant (1–5 per stem), borne singly or in paniculiform to corymbiform arrays. |
mostly radiate or discoid (rarely radiant), usually borne singly, sometimes in glomerules or corymbiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | 3–4.1 mm; pappi of 5–7 lanceolate or obovate to oblanceolate, aristate scales 2.7–4.5 mm. |
usually obpyramidal, sometimes clavate, columnar, or obconic (lengths usually 1–2.5, rarely to 3.5 diams.), mostly densely and shaggily hairy, sometimes sparsely hairy or glabrate; pappi usually persistent, of 2–12 scales, sometimes 0 or of 35–150 bristles (Psathyrotes). |
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2n | = 28, 30, 56, 60. |
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Tetraneuris ivesiana |
Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Gaillardiinae |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Roadsides, hillsides, open treeless areas, edges of woods | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1300–2900 m (4300–9500 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CO; NM; UT
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Mexico; South America; Mostly sw United States |
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Discussion | Genera 12, species 123 (11 genera, 73 species in the flora). The circumscription of Gaillardiinae adopted here is that of H. Robinson (1981). In studies of epaleate Heliantheae, B. G. Baldwin adopted a narrower circumscription of the subtribe (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000; Baldwin et al. 2002). Gaillardiinae in sense of Baldwin includes Balduina, Gaillardia, and Helenium; dispositions by Baldwin of other genera of Gaillardiinae in the broad sense include: Plateilema in Plateileminae, Psathyrotes and Trichoptilium in Psathyrotinae, and Amblyolepis, Baileya, Hymenoxys, Psilostrophe, and Tetraneuris in Tetraneuriinae (all in Helenieae sensu Baldwin). Psilostrophinae B. L. Turner & A. M. Powell is a superfluous name (circumscription included type of Riddelliinae O. Hoffmann). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 450. | FNA vol. 21, p. 415. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Tetraneuris | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Hymenoxys acaulis var. ivesiana, Hymenoxys argentea var. ivesiana, Hymenoxys ivesiana, T. intermedia, T. mancosensis, T. pilosa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 3: 269. (1898) | Lessing: Linnaea 6: 516. (1831) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |