Tetraneuris acaulis
Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Gaillardiinae
perky sue, stemless four-nerve daisy, stemless hymenoxys, stemless woollybase
± branched, branches notably thickened distally.
1–35(–60), erect, unbranched.
all basal, new leaves tightly clustered;
blades spatulate or oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, entire, glabrous or ± hairy, often lanuginose, sericeous, or strigoso-canescent, eglandular or ± gland-dotted.
basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile;
blades mostly elliptic, filiform, lanceolate, linear, oblong, ovate, or spatulate, often 1–2-pinnately or -ternately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy, usually gland-dotted.
0.5–30 cm, ± hairy.
7–12 × 8–16 mm.
mostly campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, obconic, or ± rotate.
mostly conic, convex, flat, globose, hemispheric, or ovoid, epaleate (smooth or slightly to deeply pitted, sometimes with setiform enations, sometimes gland-dotted; outer disc florets rarely subtended by paleae in Amblyolepis).
8–15(–21);
corollas 9–19 mm.
0, or 1–55 (in 1–3 series), pistillate and fertile, or styliferous and sterile, or neuter;
corollas mostly yellow to orange, sometimes wholly or partly purple, red-brown, or reddish.
25–200+;
corollas yellow, 2.7–4.3 mm.
5–250+, usually bisexual and fertile, rarely functionally staminate;
corollas yellow, orange, or wholly or partly purple, red-brown, or reddish, tubes much shorter than to about equaling slightly to abruptly and greatly dilated, funnelform to campanulate or urceolate throats, lobes 5, deltate to lance-deltate (equal or unequal, often attenuate, glabrous, papillate, or hairy, hairs sometimes moniliform);
anther thecae pale;
stigmatic papillae in 2 lines.
persistent, 5–50+ in 2–3+ series, distinct or outer connate, mostly elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, oblong, or ovate, subequal or unequal (erect or reflexed in fruit, usually herbaceous to scarious, margins seldom scarious).
6–12, 3.9–9(–11.5) mm, margins 0–0.4 mm wide, sometimes slightly scarious, abaxial faces ± hairy.
0.
1–35(–60) per plant, borne singly.
mostly radiate or discoid (rarely radiant), usually borne singly, sometimes in glomerules or corymbiform arrays.
2–4 mm;
pappi of 5–8 obovate to oblanceolate, aristate scales 2.2–3.7 mm.
usually obpyramidal, sometimes clavate, columnar, or obconic (lengths usually 1–2.5, rarely to 3.5 diams.), mostly densely and shaggily hairy, sometimes sparsely hairy or glabrate;
pappi usually persistent, of 2–12 scales, sometimes 0 or of 35–150 bristles (Psathyrotes).
Tetraneuris acaulis
Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Gaillardiinae
Varieties 4 (4 in the flora).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Genera 12, species 123 (11 genera, 73 species in the flora).
The circumscription of Gaillardiinae adopted here is that of H. Robinson (1981). In studies of epaleate Heliantheae, B. G. Baldwin adopted a narrower circumscription of the subtribe (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000; Baldwin et al. 2002). Gaillardiinae in sense of Baldwin includes Balduina, Gaillardia, and Helenium; dispositions by Baldwin of other genera of Gaillardiinae in the broad sense include: Plateilema in Plateileminae, Psathyrotes and Trichoptilium in Psathyrotinae, and Amblyolepis, Baileya, Hymenoxys, Psilostrophe, and Tetraneuris in Tetraneuriinae (all in Helenieae sensu Baldwin).
Psilostrophinae B. L. Turner & A. M. Powell is a superfluous name (circumscription included type of Riddelliinae O. Hoffmann).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Leaves sparsely to densely hairy, often lanuginose, sometimes sericeous, not strigoso-canescent; peduncles 0.5–8(–12) cm; outer phyllaries 6.8–9(–11.5) mm; growing at (2100–)3000–3900 m | var. caespitosa |
1. Leaves sparsely to densely hairy, often strigoso-canescent; peduncles (1–)5–20(–30) cm; outer phyllaries 4–7.5 mm; growing at 700–2900(–3500) m | → 2 |
2. Leaf blades usually densely, sometimes sparsely, strigoso-canescent; e of continental divide (except for 2 reports from nw Idaho) | var. acaulis |
2. Leaf blades glabrous or sparsely to moderately to sometimes densely hairy, not strigoso-canescent; w of continental divide | → 3 |
3. Leaf blades glabrous or usually sparsely to moderately or sometimes densely hairy, densely gland-dotted; n Arizona, se California, w Colorado, s Idaho, e Nevada, Utah | var. arizonica |
3. Leaf blades glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy, at least some (usually most or all) eglandular or sparsely gland-dotted; w Colorado, c, ne Utah, and sw Wyoming | var. epunctata |
1. Pappi of 35–150 distinct or basally connate bristles in 1–4 series | Psathyrotes |
1. Pappi 0 or of 2–12 scales | → 2 |
2. Pappi of 5 ovate to flabellate, deeply and finely lacerate scales (each seemingly consti-tuted of 8–15+ connate bristles) | Trichoptilium |
2. Pappi 0 or of 2–12 ovate or spatulate to lanceolate, entire, erose, or coarsely lacerate, often attenuate or uniaristate scales | → 3 |
3. Receptacles deeply pitted (each cypsela nested within a 5–6-sided cell) | Balduina |
3. Receptacles smooth or ± pitted (sometimes with scattered subulate to setiform enations, cypselae not nested within cells; outer disc florets rarely subtended by paleae in Amblyolepis). | → 4 |
4. Phyllaries 17–21 in 2 series (inner hyaline, scalelike; herbage notably sweet scented) | Amblyolepis |
4. Phyllaries 5–50 in 2–3 series (inner herbaceous to scarious or scarious-margined; herbage not notably sweet-scented) | → 5 |
5. Phyllaries usually strongly reflexed in fruit; receptacles mostly globose (sometimes with setiform enations); disc corollas often brown-purple to red-brown or tipped with brown-purple to red-brown (tubes much shorter than abruptly much-dilated, urceolate to campanulate throats, lobes often shaggily hairy, hairs ± moniliform) | → 6 |
5. Phyllaries mostly spreading to erect in fruit; receptacles flat, conic, domed, hemispheric, or ovoid (smooth or pitted, without setiform enations); disc corollas usually uniformly yellow to cream or sometimes purplish to reddish (tubes much shorter than to about equaling slightly dilated, funnelform to cylindric throats, lobes not shaggily hairy with moniliform hairs) | → 7 |
6. Stems not winged (receptacles usually with setiform enations; style-branch apices± attenuate) | Gaillardia |
6. Stems often winged (by decurrent leaf bases; receptacles rarely with setiform enations; style-branch apices penicillate or truncate) | Helenium |
7. Ray florets usually 3–16 (corollas withering, falling early or tardily) | → 8 |
7. Ray florets usually 1–55 (corollas marcescent) | → 9 |
8. Leaf blades sometimes pinnately lobed (lobes mostly filiform, linear, oroblong); phyllaries: outer connate or distinct, inner distinct | Hymenoxys |
8. Leaf blades pinnately lobed (lobes mostly deltate to obovate); phyllaries: all basally connate | Plateilema |
9. Pappi 0 | Baileya |
9. Pappi of 4–8 scales | → 10 |
10. Plants mostly scapiform (non-scapiform annuals in T. linearifolia); heads mostly borne singly; involucres hemispheric to rotate; rays 0 or 7–27; disc florets 20–250+ | Tetraneuris |
10. Plants not scapiform; heads usually in close corymbiform or glomerulate clusters; involucres mostly campanulate, cylindric, or obconic; rays 1–8; disc florets 5–25+ | Psilostrophe |
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