Flora of North America species comparison

1–10+, ascending to erect, ± purplish (at least proximally), densely villous (young) becoming glabrescent, sparsely villous to glabrate or glabrous proximally, ± densely villous distally.

1–5, ascending to erect, pinkish to reddish or purplish, (barely exceeding foliage), glabrous or glabrate (rarely sparsely villous and villous distally).

± 10, horizontal to patent, sometimes erect;

sessile or petioles ± broadly winged (bases barely narrowed compared to blades);

blades narrowly oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate or linear-oblong (often ± runcinate), 4–30 × (0.4–)0.5–5 cm, bases cuneate to attenuate, margins lobed ± deeply to lacerate, irregularly to regularly, often toothed, merely denticulate, or subentire, lobes retrorse, straight or antrorse, deltate to triangular, acute to acuminate, teeth 0–1 on lobes, often more or mostly in sinuses, apices obtuse to sometimes acute, sometimes mucronate, faces glabrous or glabrate to very sparsely villous.

fewer than 10, usually patent, rarely erect;

petioles sometimes narrowly winged;

blades oblanceolate (often ± runcinate), 2–12+ × (0.3–)0.5–1.2 cm, bases attenuate, margins lobed deeply and regularly to denticulate or subentire, lobes 5–6 pairs, straight to retrorse, triangular to deltate, teeth triangular 0–1 on lobes or 1–4 shallow pairs if subentire, acute to ± obtuse, apices obtuse to ± acute, faces glabrous.

dark green, sometimes ± glaucous, campanulate to ± hemispheric, (5–)8–19(–21) mm.

dark green to bluish black or dark purplish green, narrowly campanulate, 15–30 mm.

40–85+;

corollas yellow, drying cream to whitish (outer abaxially gray or purple-striped on drying), 10–22 × 1–2.8 mm.

25–50;

corollas cream-colored to white or pink-tinged distally, outer pinkish-striped abaxially, 15–20 × 1.2–3 mm.

(10–)12–14(–17) in 2 series, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate (inner), 1.5–4.5 mm wide, margins scarious or not (outer), inner broadly scarious in proximal 1/2, apices usually horned, occasionally hornless, horns sometimes exceeding apices, tips white to purplish, scarious, erose.

8–14 in 2 series, lanceolate to lance-ovate, 1.5–3.5 mm wide, margins narrowly (outer) to widely scarious in proximal 1/3 (inner), narrowly so distally, apices long-acuminate, sometimes callous, hornless (rarely very small horns), tips white-scarious, erose, rounded.

of 12–16(–20), appressed to spreading, pale, ovate to elliptic or lance-ovate to lanceolate (sometimes thin) bractlets in 2–3 series, 5–12 × (0.9–)1.5–5 mm, margins hyaline, white or purplish, scarious, apices caudate to acuminate, ± strongly horned, callous, or occasionally some (rarely all) hornless, tips obtuse to rounded, scarious, erose.

of 10–14, spreading to appressed (thinner than phyllaries), dark green, broadly ovate or ovate to oblong bractlets in 2–3 series, 6–10 × 3.4–5 mm, margins narrowly hyaline, scarious, apices abruptly acuminate to caudate, strongly horned, tip ± scarious, erose.

olivaceous to olive brown, tan to olivaceous tan, brown to reddish brown, grayish brown or straw-colored, bodies oblanceoloid to obovoid, 2.5–4(–5) mm wide, cones conic or narrowly conic to broadly terete, 0.5–0.9 mm, beaks slender, 4.5–14 mm, ribs 5, large (bearing 10–15 narrower ones), faces proximally tuberculate or sometimes nearly smooth (usually with at least some tubercules) to muricate in distal 1/3–1/2, sometimes wholly muricate;

pappi white to cream, 5–7.5(–8) mm.

tan or straw-colored to brown (or reddish brown), sometimes grayish, bodies obovoid to oblanceoloid, 3–3.7(–4) mm, mostly broad, cones conic, 0.4–0.7 mm, beaks slender, 3.5–4.5 mm, ribs 10–13 (5–6 prominent), mostly broad, faces proximally tuberculate, muricate in distal 1/2;

pappi whitish or sordid, 5–5.5(–7) mm.

= 16, [24], 32, 40, 48.

= [24, 32, 40? some erroneous reports in literature under this name from Eurasia].