Tara spinosa |
Tara |
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spiny holdback |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees 2–8 m, armed, bark and branches with dispersed, curvate prickles. | Shrubs or trees, armed, eglandular, with deflexed prickles on bark and branches, branches brown or gray-brown. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
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Leaves | stipules not seen; petiole 20–30 mm; rachis 4.5–20(–25) cm; blades oblong to elliptic, 10–40(–45) ×15–20 mm, surfaces glandular-dotted abaxially. |
alternate, even-bipinnate; stipules present, caducous, minute; petiolate; pinnae 2 or 3(or 5) pairs, opposite; leaflets 2–12(–24), opposite, subcoriaceous; blade margins entire, surfaces puberulent or glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, eglandular. |
Racemes | pubescent. |
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Inflorescences | 10-flowered, terminal or axillary, racemes; bracts present, caducous. |
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Pedicels | jointed, (2.5–)5–10 mm. |
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Flowers | calyx lobes red when in bud or greenish yellow, (3–)6(–7) mm; corolla banner with central scarlet blotch, (5.1–)6–7(–8.5) mm; filaments exserted, pale yellow, 6.8–7 mm, pubescent; anthers yellow, 1 ×0.5 mm; ovary pubescent; style 4.5–6.3 mm. |
caesalpinioid, monomorphic; calyx persistent, obconic, abaxialmost sepal covering others in bud, lobes 5; corolla yellow, banner with red medial markings; stamens 10, distinct, shorter than or slightly longer than corolla, filaments pubescent; anthers dorsifixed. |
Fruits | legumes, sessile, straight, laterally-compressed to turgid, oblong, indehiscent, tip blunt, ± fleshy, leathery, glabrous or puberulent. |
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Legumes | (6–)7–10 × (1–)1.5–2.5(–3) cm. |
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Seeds | 4–8. |
4–8, ellipsoid, 8–10 mm wide. |
x | = 12. |
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Tara spinosa |
Tara |
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Phenology | Flowering Oct–Nov. | |
Habitat | Riparian areas, bluffs, sage scrub, road and railroad rights-of-way. | |
Elevation | 0–400[–2000] m. (0–1300[–6600] ft.) | |
Distribution |
CA; South America (n Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in ne Africa] |
Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands) [Introduced, California; introduced also in ne Africa] |
Discussion | Tara spinosa is cultivated as an ornamental and has escaped locally in southern California as far north as Santa Barbara County. Tara vesicaria is sometimes cultivated in southern Florida and has been documented as an escape near planted individuals. It differs from T. spinosa by leaflets that are in 1–3 pairs and have rounded to emarginate apices and oblique bases. Coulteria tinctoria Kunth is an illegitimate and superfluous name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 3 (1 in the flora). Of the three Tara species, T. cacalaco (Bonpland) Molinari & Sánchez Och. occurs in Mexico, T. spinosa is found in South America (Chile, Ecuador, and Peru), and T. vesicaria (Linnaeus) Molinari, Sánchez Och. & Mayta ranges from Mexico to Guatemala and Nicaragua and extends into the Caribbean. Tara spinosa is cultivated across the tropics and subtropics as a source of tannins and as an ornamental (E. Gagnon et al. 2016). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Tara | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) |
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Poinciana spinosa, Caesalpinia pectinata, C. spinosa, C. tara, T. tinctoria | |
Name authority | (Molina) Britton & Rose in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 23: 320. (1930) | Molina: Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili ed. 2, 153, 282. (1810) |
Web links |