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spiny holdback

Habit Shrubs or trees 2–8 m, armed, bark and branches with dispersed, curvate prickles. Shrubs or trees, armed, eglandular, with deflexed prickles on bark and branches, branches brown or gray-brown.
Stems

erect, glabrous.

Leaves

stipules not seen;

petiole 20–30 mm;

rachis 4.5–20(–25) cm;

blades oblong to elliptic, 10–40(–45) ×15–20 mm, surfaces glandular-dotted abaxially.

alternate, even-bipinnate;

stipules present, caducous, minute; petiolate;

pinnae 2 or 3(or 5) pairs, opposite;

leaflets 2–12(–24), opposite, subcoriaceous;

blade margins entire, surfaces puberulent or glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, eglandular.

Racemes

pubescent.

Inflorescences

10-flowered, terminal or axillary, racemes;

bracts present, caducous.

Pedicels

jointed, (2.5–)5–10 mm.

Flowers

calyx lobes red when in bud or greenish yellow, (3–)6(–7) mm;

corolla banner with central scarlet blotch, (5.1–)6–7(–8.5) mm;

filaments exserted, pale yellow, 6.8–7 mm, pubescent;

anthers yellow, 1 ×0.5 mm;

ovary pubescent;

style 4.5–6.3 mm.

caesalpinioid, monomorphic;

calyx persistent, obconic, abaxialmost sepal covering others in bud, lobes 5;

corolla yellow, banner with red medial markings;

stamens 10, distinct, shorter than or slightly longer than corolla, filaments pubescent;

anthers dorsifixed.

Fruits

legumes, sessile, straight, laterally-compressed to turgid, oblong, indehiscent, tip blunt, ± fleshy, leathery, glabrous or puberulent.

Legumes

(6–)7–10 × (1–)1.5–2.5(–3) cm.

Seeds

4–8.

4–8, ellipsoid, 8–10 mm wide.

x

= 12.

Tara spinosa

Tara

Phenology Flowering Oct–Nov.
Habitat Riparian areas, bluffs, sage scrub, road and railroad rights-of-way.
Elevation 0–400[–2000] m. (0–1300[–6600] ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; South America (n Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in ne Africa]
Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands) [Introduced, California; introduced also in ne Africa]
Discussion

Tara spinosa is cultivated as an ornamental and has escaped locally in southern California as far north as Santa Barbara County.

Tara vesicaria is sometimes cultivated in southern Florida and has been documented as an escape near planted individuals. It differs from T. spinosa by leaflets that are in 1–3 pairs and have rounded to emarginate apices and oblique bases.

Coulteria tinctoria Kunth is an illegitimate and superfluous name that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 3 (1 in the flora).

Of the three Tara species, T. cacalaco (Bonpland) Molinari & Sánchez Och. occurs in Mexico, T. spinosa is found in South America (Chile, Ecuador, and Peru), and T. vesicaria (Linnaeus) Molinari, Sánchez Och. & Mayta ranges from Mexico to Guatemala and Nicaragua and extends into the Caribbean. Tara spinosa is cultivated across the tropics and subtropics as a source of tannins and as an ornamental (E. Gagnon et al. 2016).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Author: Solange Sotuyo.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Tara Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade)
Subordinate taxa
T. spinosa
Synonyms Poinciana spinosa, Caesalpinia pectinata, C. spinosa, C. tara, T. tinctoria
Name authority (Molina) Britton & Rose in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 23: 320. (1930) Molina: Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili ed. 2, 153, 282. (1810)
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