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Java plum

apel en wai, iouen wai, kavika ni India, kavika ni vavalangi, Malabar plum, rose-apple

Habit Trees or shrubs 6–20+ m; twigs weakly compressed; bark white, smooth. Trees or shrubs to 10 m; twigs terete or quadrangular; bark reddish brown, flaky.
Leaves

blade drying concolorous olive or tan, ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 8–17 × 3.5–7 cm, leathery, base cuneate, obtuse, or rounded, apex acuminate or obtuse, tip bluntly acute, surfaces glandular, glossy adaxially, glands small, often punctiform, numerous, sometimes more so abaxially.

blade drying concolorous olive or adaxially dark green, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 12–24 × 3–5 cm, leathery, veins brown abaxially, base narrowly cuneate or gradually rounded, apex narrowly acuminate, surfaces glandular, glands numerous abaxially, obscure adaxially.

Inflorescences

15–100-flowered, axillary, panicles of dichasia, 1–3 times compound;

axis 15–60 mm, lateral branches 5–20 mm, axis and branches compressed, glandular;

bracts and bracteoles caducous.

usually 2–8-flowered, usually terminal, racemes;

axis terete or quadrangular, 10–20 × 2–3 mm;

bracts and bracteoles caducous.

Flowers

sessile at tips of lateral branches;

bud pyriform, 4–5 mm;

hypanthium obconic to narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm;

calyx lobes caducous, leaving round crateriform scar at ovary summit, equal, 0.5 × 0.5 mm;

petals coherent, forming a calyptra, falling as a unit at anthesis;

stamens 50–100, 3–5 mm;

style 6–7 mm.

pedicellate (pedicels 7–15 mm);

bud pyriform, 25–30 mm;

hypanthium infundibular or obconic, 12–17 mm, tube 4–5 mm deep, 9–10 mm diam. at mouth, base abruptly contracted to pseudostalk, 3–5 mm;

calyx lobes persistent, widely elliptic, in subequal pairs, 4–8 × 6–10 mm, convex, leathery, margins scarious, apex rounded;

petals distinct, orbiculate, 10–15 mm diam., margins scarious, prominently glandular;

stamens ca. 300, 20–40 mm;

style 40–60 mm.

Berries

purple black, ellipsoid, 15–20 mm;

calyx tube reduced to persistent, apical ring, 1–2 mm diam. 2n = 22.

yellow or reddish, subglobose, 30–40 mm;

calyx lobes persistent, erect in developing fruit.

2n

= 22.

Syzygium cumini

Syzygium jambos

Phenology Flowering spring, summer. Flowering mainly in spring.
Habitat Disturbed areas, often near fresh water. Disturbed wooded areas.
Elevation 0–40 m. (0–100 ft.) 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; se Asia (including India) [Introduced in North America; introduced also elsewhere in tropics]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; se Asia (Malaysia) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Syzygium cumini is known in the flora area from the central and southern peninsula.

Pimenta dioica has become established near Miami, Florida, and is perhaps most similar to Syzygium cumini. Of the berry fruited species, only these two have many-flowered panicles. Pimenta dioica is most easily distinguished from S. cumini by having pubescent (versus glabrous) flowering hypanthia, leaves with 10–15 prominent lateral veins (versus numerous weak lateral veins), embryos with a hypocotyl much longer than the cotyledons, and leaves with a strong spicy aroma when crushed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Syzygium jambos is known in the flora area from the central and southern peninsula.

Syzygium jambos is cultivated in tropical areas worldwide as an ornamental for its glossy, deep green leaves and showy flowers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Myrtaceae > Syzygium Myrtaceae > Syzygium
Sibling taxa
S. australe, S. jambos
S. australe, S. cumini
Synonyms Myrtus cumini, Calyptranthes oneillii, Eugenia cumini, E. jambolana Eugenia jambos
Name authority (Linnaeus) Skeels: U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 248: 25. (1912) (Linnaeus) Alston in H. Trimen et al.: Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 115. (1931)
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