Syzygium cumini |
Syzygium australe |
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Java plum |
brush cherry, scrub cherry |
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Habit | Trees or shrubs 6–20+ m; twigs weakly compressed; bark white, smooth. | Trees or shrubs usually to 3 m; older branches terete or nearly so; twigs weakly compressed, distally 4-winged or ribbed, wings merging in pairs, forming pocketlike structure just distal to many leaf nodes and decussate with petioles of that node; bark tan, flaky. |
Leaves | blade drying concolorous olive or tan, ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 8–17 × 3.5–7 cm, leathery, base cuneate, obtuse, or rounded, apex acuminate or obtuse, tip bluntly acute, surfaces glandular, glossy adaxially, glands small, often punctiform, numerous, sometimes more so abaxially. |
blade obovate or elliptic, 3–9 × 1.2–3.2 cm, base cuneate to narrowly so, apex acute or abruptly acuminate, mucronate, surfaces glandular or eglandular, glands sparse abaxially, small, obscure, or absent adaxially. |
Inflorescences | 15–100-flowered, axillary, panicles of dichasia, 1–3 times compound; axis 15–60 mm, lateral branches 5–20 mm, axis and branches compressed, glandular; bracts and bracteoles caducous. |
3–7-flowered, terminal, also axillary in distal leaf axils, dichasia; axis 10–15 mm; bracts deciduous well before anthesis (leaving prominent scar); bracteoles early deciduous. |
Flowers | sessile at tips of lateral branches; bud pyriform, 4–5 mm; hypanthium obconic to narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm; calyx lobes caducous, leaving round crateriform scar at ovary summit, equal, 0.5 × 0.5 mm; petals coherent, forming a calyptra, falling as a unit at anthesis; stamens 50–100, 3–5 mm; style 6–7 mm. |
sessile or pedicellate; bud clavate, 6–10 mm; hypanthium narrowly obconic-campanulate; calyx lobes persistent, ovate, in subequal pairs, 2–3 ×2–4 mm, margins scarious, apex bluntly acute to rounded; petals distinct, orbiculate, 3–5 mm diam., margins scarious, apex rounded; stamens 100–150, ca. 10 mm; style 7–24 mm. |
Berries | purple black, ellipsoid, 15–20 mm; calyx tube reduced to persistent, apical ring, 1–2 mm diam. 2n = 22. |
red or purple, globose or ellipsoid, 14–23 mm. |
Syzygium cumini |
Syzygium australe |
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Phenology | Flowering spring, summer. | Flowering late summer–winter. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, often near fresh water. | Disturbed riparian areas. |
Elevation | 0–40 m. [0–130 ft.] | 0–50 m. [0–160 ft.] |
Distribution |
FL; se Asia (including India) [Introduced in North America; introduced also elsewhere in tropics]
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CA; Australia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Syzygium cumini is known in the flora area from the central and southern peninsula. Pimenta dioica has become established near Miami, Florida, and is perhaps most similar to Syzygium cumini. Of the berry fruited species, only these two have many-flowered panicles. Pimenta dioica is most easily distinguished from S. cumini by having pubescent (versus glabrous) flowering hypanthia, leaves with 10–15 prominent lateral veins (versus numerous weak lateral veins), embryos with a hypocotyl much longer than the cotyledons, and leaves with a strong spicy aroma when crushed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Syzygium australe is known in the flora area from Los Angeles to San Diego in southern California, Syzygium australe is sometimes confused with S. paniculatum Gaertner, which also is commonly cultivated in California and naturalized near San Diego. Syzygium paniculatum differs from S. australe in twigs not winged or ribbed and in not having a pocketlike structure just distal to leaf nodes, decussate with the petioles at that leaf node. The seeds of S. paniculatum are commonly polyembryonic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Myrtus cumini, Calyptranthes oneillii, Eugenia cumini, E. jambolana | Eugenia australis |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Skeels: U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 248: 25. (1912) | (J. C. Wendland ex Link) B. Hyland: Austral. J. Bot., Suppl. Ser. 9: 55. (1983) |
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