Flora of North America species comparison

5–20 mm.

4–15 mm.

usually in distinct whorls, infolded, somewhat contorted, and weakly to strongly twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to slightly recurved when moist, concave, spatulate, 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2–3/4, entire;

apices acute or sometimes truncate;

costa excurrent into a long, serrate, hyaline awn (reddish at base), often strongly papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, long-rectangular, 45–80 × 20–30 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 12–17 µm, slightly bulging, bearing 4–6 papillae per cell.

longitudinally folded and spirally twisted around the stem but little crisped when dry, wide-spreading when moist, oblong-lingulate to spatulate, 2–4.5 × 0.6–1.6 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2, entire;

apices acute;

costa excurrent into a smooth to slightly toothed, hyaline awn, brown or reddish, smooth;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, narrower toward the margins;

distal cells polygonal, or quadrate, 12–20 µm, with 8–10 papillae per cell;

marginal cells not differentiated.

red, 10–18 mm.

red, 15–25 mm.

synoicous (apparently rarely dioicous).

autoicous.

brownish red, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted about 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/2–2/3 the total length.

red, 3–3.8 mm, straight or slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.2–1.5 mm, red;

peristome 0.8–1.1 mm, red, the basal membrane pale, about 1/4 the total length.

9–13 µm, papillose.

12–18 µm, papillose.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction absent.