Flora of North America species comparison

5–20 mm.

5–15 mm.

usually in distinct whorls, infolded, somewhat contorted, and weakly to strongly twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to slightly recurved when moist, concave, spatulate, 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2–3/4, entire;

apices acute or sometimes truncate;

costa excurrent into a long, serrate, hyaline awn (reddish at base), often strongly papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, long-rectangular, 45–80 × 20–30 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 12–17 µm, slightly bulging, bearing 4–6 papillae per cell.

clasping at base, infolded and twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading (in smaller forms) to squarrose-recurved when moist, lingulate-ovate, 1.5–3.5 × 0.75–1.25 mm, canaliculate to keeled;

margins tightly revolute in the proximal 7/8 or more, entire;

apices emarginate to acute;

costa excurrent into a serrate (or occasionally only faintly serrulate), hyaline awn that is often red or sometimes broadly hyaline at base, weakly to strongly papillose on the abaxial surface and often serrate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red-brown;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, narrowly rectangular, 35–70(–90) × 11–18 µm, quadrate to narrowly rectangular at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to polygonal, 8–12 µm, with 3–6 papillae per cell, bulging, somewhat obscure.

red, 10–18 mm.

red, 5–10 mm.

synoicous (apparently rarely dioicous).

dioicous.

brownish red, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted about 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/2–2/3 the total length.

red-brown, 2–3.5 mm, straight, with an abrupt neck;

operculum 1.25–1.75 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.25 mm, the upper divisions twisted ca. 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, about 1/3 the total length.

9–13 µm, papillose.

11–15 µm, papillose.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction absent.