Flora of North America species comparison

5–20 mm.

(5–)10–20 mm.

usually in distinct whorls, infolded, somewhat contorted, and weakly to strongly twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to slightly recurved when moist, concave, spatulate, 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2–3/4, entire;

apices acute or sometimes truncate;

costa excurrent into a long, serrate, hyaline awn (reddish at base), often strongly papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, long-rectangular, 45–80 × 20–30 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 12–17 µm, slightly bulging, bearing 4–6 papillae per cell.

clasping at base, infolded, and twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to squarrose when moist, lingulate to spatulate, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm, keeled;

margins revolute in the proximal 3/4–7/8, entire, often laxly undulate;

apices emarginate to retuse, occasionally truncate or acute;

costa excurrent into a toothed, hyaline awn (often brown at base) usually longer than the leaf, yellow or brown, often minutely papillose abaxially (but not serrate because of projecting cell ends);

basal cells abruptly differentiated, rectangular, 70–90(–100) × 22–40 µm, often with yellow walls, narrowly rectangular at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to polygonal, 15–23 µm, thin-walled, pellucid, bulging and bearing 4–7 papillae per cell.

red, 10–18 mm.

red-brown, 10–15 mm.

synoicous (apparently rarely dioicous).

autoicous, although perigonia often lacking, apparently sometimes dioicous.

brownish red, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted about 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/2–2/3 the total length.

yellowish or reddish brown, 3–4.5 mm, straight or slightly curved, with an abrupt neck;

operculum 1.5–2 mm, reddish brown;

peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted ca. 2 turns, yellow or red, the basal membrane white, 1/3 the total length.

9–13 µm, papillose.

9–16 µm, papillose.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction absent.