Flora of North America species comparison

5–20 mm.

8–25 mm.

usually in distinct whorls, infolded, somewhat contorted, and weakly to strongly twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to slightly recurved when moist, concave, spatulate, 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2–3/4, entire;

apices acute or sometimes truncate;

costa excurrent into a long, serrate, hyaline awn (reddish at base), often strongly papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, long-rectangular, 45–80 × 20–30 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 12–17 µm, slightly bulging, bearing 4–6 papillae per cell.

clasping at base, infolded and twisted around the stem when dry, squarrose-recurved when moist, lingulate-ovate, 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.2 mm, canaliculate to keeled;

margins tightly revolute in the proximal 3/4;

apices acute to acuminate;

costa excurrent into a serrulate or sometimes serrate, hyaline awn that is often red at base or throughout but sometimes broadly hyaline at base, papillose abaxially and sometimes serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red-brown;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, rectangular, 45–100 × 16–23 µm, quadrate to narrowly rectangular at the margins;

distal cells quadrate, polygonal, or rectangular, 13–18 µm, with 3–6 papillae per cell, bulging, somewhat collenchymatous.

red, 10–18 mm.

brown, 15–20 mm.

synoicous (apparently rarely dioicous).

dioicous.

brownish red, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted about 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/2–2/3 the total length.

red-brown, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with an abrupt neck;

operculum ca. 1.8 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.8 mm, the upper divisions twisted ca. 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/3–1/2 the total length.

9–13 µm, papillose.

11–15 µm, papillose.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction absent.