Flora of North America species comparison

5–20 mm.

2–10 mm.

usually in distinct whorls, infolded, somewhat contorted, and weakly to strongly twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to slightly recurved when moist, concave, spatulate, 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2–3/4, entire;

apices acute or sometimes truncate;

costa excurrent into a long, serrate, hyaline awn (reddish at base), often strongly papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, long-rectangular, 45–80 × 20–30 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 12–17 µm, slightly bulging, bearing 4–6 papillae per cell.

infolded and twisted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, lingulate or spatulate, 1.5–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2, entire;

apices broadly acute or obtuse, sometimes emarginate;

costa excurrent into a short, serrate, hyaline awn, brown or red, often papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, narrower toward the margins;

distal cells polygonal or quadrate, 8–12 µm, with 4–6 papillae per cell.

red, 10–18 mm.

red, 8–14 mm.

synoicous (apparently rarely dioicous).

dioicous.

brownish red, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted about 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/2–2/3 the total length.

red, 2–3.5 mm, straight or slightly curved;

operculum 1.2–2 mm, red;

peristome 0.5–1.3 mm, the basal membrane to 1/2 the total length, red.

9–13 µm, papillose.

10–13 µm, papillose.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction absent.