Flora of North America species comparison

5–20 mm.

(5–)10–25 mm.

usually in distinct whorls, infolded, somewhat contorted, and weakly to strongly twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to slightly recurved when moist, concave, spatulate, 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2–3/4, entire;

apices acute or sometimes truncate;

costa excurrent into a long, serrate, hyaline awn (reddish at base), often strongly papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, long-rectangular, 45–80 × 20–30 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 12–17 µm, slightly bulging, bearing 4–6 papillae per cell.

crowded, longitudinally folded and spirally twisted around the stem (but little crisped) when dry, wide-spreading when moist, oblong-lingulate to spatulate, 2–3.5 × 0.75–1 mm, fragile, with sheets of cells breaking off, sometimes along lines of weakness;

margins revolute before to as much as 1/2 the leaf length, to plane, entire or crenulate;

apices truncate to acute;

costa percurrent or slightly excurrent as a mucro 1–3(–5) cells long, yellow or red, finely to strongly papillose abaxially, abruptly tapered;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, becoming rather abruptly short-rectangular near the margins;

distal cells quadrate-hexagonal, 9–15 µm, bulging, with 3–8 papillae per cell, with moderately thick walls, not particularly collenchymatous;

distal marginal cells not or weakly to strongly differentiated as a border of brownish, thicker-walled cells in about 2–3 rows.

red, 10–18 mm.

red, 10–15 mm.

synoicous (apparently rarely dioicous).

dioicous.

brownish red, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted about 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/2–2/3 the total length.

red, (1.5–)2–4 mm, slightly curved, rather gradually tapered to the seta or with a distinct neck;

operculum 1–1.5 mm, red;

peristome 1–1.5 mm, teeth twisted about 1/2 turn, the distal divisions yellow, the basal membrane pale, about 1/4 the total length.

9–13 µm, papillose.

13–20 µm, densely papillose.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction absent.