Flora of North America species comparison

5–20 mm.

3–20 mm.

usually in distinct whorls, infolded, somewhat contorted, and weakly to strongly twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to slightly recurved when moist, concave, spatulate, 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2–3/4, entire;

apices acute or sometimes truncate;

costa excurrent into a long, serrate, hyaline awn (reddish at base), often strongly papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, long-rectangular, 45–80 × 20–30 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 12–17 µm, slightly bulging, bearing 4–6 papillae per cell.

infolded and imbricate, not to weakly twisted around stem when dry, erect-spreading when moist, ovate-spatulate, 1–2.5 × 0.6–1.2 mm, 2-stratose or thicker, occasionally with scattered 1-stratose patches;

margins revolute for the entire length of leaf, entire;

apices acute to acuminate;

costa excurrent into a serrate, hyaline awn that is often broadly hyaline at base, brown or blackish, strongly papillose;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, narrower toward the margins;

distal cells rounded, polygonal, or quadrate, 8–13 µm, with 4–6 low papillae per cell.

red, 10–18 mm.

6–15 mm, brown.

synoicous (apparently rarely dioicous).

dioicous.

brownish red, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted about 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/2–2/3 the total length.

red, 2.5–3.2 mm, straight or slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2mm, red;

peristome 0.7–1 mm, the basal membrane about 1/2 the total length.

9–13 µm, papillose.

7–8 µm, lightly papillose.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction absent.