Syntrichia princeps |
Syntrichia ammonsiana |
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tortula moss |
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Stems | 5–20 mm. |
5–10 mm. |
Leaves | usually in distinct whorls, infolded, somewhat contorted, and weakly to strongly twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to slightly recurved when moist, concave, spatulate, 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm; margins revolute in the proximal 1/2–3/4, entire; apices acute or sometimes truncate; costa excurrent into a long, serrate, hyaline awn (reddish at base), often strongly papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red; basal cells abruptly differentiated, long-rectangular, 45–80 × 20–30 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate at the margins; distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 12–17 µm, slightly bulging, bearing 4–6 papillae per cell. |
infolded and twisted when dry, recurved when moist, broadly spatulate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.6–0.8 mm; margins plane, entire before but with a few teeth near the apex; apices acute; costa percurrent, yellow or brown, smooth; basal cells abruptly differentiated, narrower toward the margins; distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 10–15 µm, bulging, with about 4 papillae per cell. |
Seta | red, 10–18 mm. |
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Sexual condition | synoicous (apparently rarely dioicous). |
dioicous (perigonia and sporophytes unknown). |
Capsule | brownish red, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with a distinct neck; operculum 1.5–2 mm, brown; peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted about 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/2–2/3 the total length. |
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Spores | 9–13 µm, papillose. |
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Specialized | asexual reproduction absent. |
asexual reproduction propagula borne on stalks in axils of distal leaves, leaf-like, 0.25–0.45 mm, green, papillose, costate. |
Syntrichia princeps |
Syntrichia ammonsiana |
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Habitat | Humus, soil, rock, tree bark | Sandstone in deep shade |
Elevation | low to moderate elevations | moderate elevations |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC; Mexico; w South America; s South America; Europe; w Asia; Africa; Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand); Australia; Antarctica
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NC; TN; WV; South America (Peru); Africa (South Africa) |
Discussion | The synoicous condition of Syntrichia princeps is diagnostic if present, but otherwise one must rely on wider basal leaf cells, costal hydroids, and the stem central strand to separate this species from S. ruralis, S. papillosissima, and S. norvegica. The more acute leaves with cells generally smaller, and costa reddish and serrulate separate it from S. obtusissima. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Syntrichia ammonsiana can easily be distinguished from S. chisosa by its 1-stratose laminae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 624. | FNA vol. 27, p. 623. |
Parent taxa | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Syntrichia | Pottiaceae > subfam. Pottioideae > Syntrichia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Tortula princeps | Tortula ammonsiana |
Name authority | (De Notaris) Mitten: J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., suppl. 1: 39. (1859) | (H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson) Ochyra: Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 37: 212. (1992) |
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