Flora of North America species comparison

5–20 mm.

10–25 mm.

usually in distinct whorls, infolded, somewhat contorted, and weakly to strongly twisted around the stem when dry, wide-spreading to slightly recurved when moist, concave, spatulate, 2–4 × 1–1.5 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2–3/4, entire;

apices acute or sometimes truncate;

costa excurrent into a long, serrate, hyaline awn (reddish at base), often strongly papillose abaxially and serrulate near the apex because of projecting cell ends, red;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, long-rectangular, 45–80 × 20–30 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 12–17 µm, slightly bulging, bearing 4–6 papillae per cell.

clasping at base, infolded and twisted around the stem when dry, squarrose-recurved when moist, lingulate-ovate, 2.5–4 × 1–1.6 mm, canaliculate to keeled;

margins tightly revolute in the proximal 3/4–7/8, entire;

apices obtuse to acute;

costa excurrent into a serrate, hyaline awn that is often brown, sometimes broadly hyaline at base, strongly papillose abaxially and serrate because of projecting cell ends, yellow-brown;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, rectangular, 45–90 × 15–23 µm, quadrate to narrowly rectangular at the margins;

distal cells quadrate to polygonal, 11–18 µm, with tall, bulging mammillae, bearing 1–2 papillae per cell, thick-walled and sometimes collenchymatous.

red, 10–18 mm.

brown, 12–18 mm.

synoicous (apparently rarely dioicous).

dioicous.

brownish red, 3–4 mm, slightly curved, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2 mm, brown;

peristome ca. 1.5 mm, the distal divisions twisted about 2 turns, red, the basal membrane white, 1/2–2/3 the total length.

brown, 3–5 mm, curved, with an abrupt neck;

operculum ca. 2 mm;

peristome ca. 1.8 mm, the upper divisions twisted ca. 2 turns, yellow-brown, the basal membrane white, ca. 1/2 the total length.

9–13 µm, papillose.

10–14 µm, papillose.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction absent.