Flora of North America species comparison

1–3(–5) mm.

4–12 mm.

infolded and somewhat twisted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, spatulate, 1–1.75 × 0.5–0.75 mm;

margins plane (or somewhat erect), crenulate;

apices obtuse, blunt, or emarginate;

costa excurrent into a conspicuously tapered, smooth, yellowish or hyaline awn 1/5–1/2 the length of the leaf, yellow or red, rounded and smooth on abaxial surface;

basal cells rather abruptly differentiated, often with thickened cross-walls, usually extending slightly farther up the margin than near the costa;

distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, 10–15 µm, bulging, with about 4 papillae per cell, the outermost row of cells less papillose.

infolded, twisted, and slightly contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, narrowly or broadly spatulate, 1.8–2.8 × 0.6–0.8 mm;

margins revolute in the proximal 1/2, entire;

apices obtuse;

costa ending a few cells before the apex or percurrent, brown, smooth;

basal cells abruptly differentiated, narrower toward the margins;

distal cells rounded, polygonal, or quadrate, 12–18 µm, with 4–6 papillae per cell.

red, 5–15 mm.

red, 6 mm.

dioicous or autoicous.

dioicous.

red, 3–5 mm, straight, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1–2 mm, red;

peristome 0.5–1 mm, basal membrane 1/2 the total length, red.

red, 3 mm, straight, with a distinct neck;

operculum 1.5–2mm, red;

peristome 1 mm, basal membrane 1/2–2/3 the total length, red.

10–16 µm, papillose.

10–15 µm, papillose.

asexual reproduction as propagula borne at the tip of the stem and in axils of distal leaves, fusiform, green, ecostate, papillose, with an elongate terminal cell, occasionally as several cells.

asexual reproduction by gemmae on the adaxial or occasionally the abaxial leaf surface of leaves, ovoid and rounded, 25–45 µm in diameter, green to brown, multicellular.