Symphyotrichum lanceolatum |
Symphyotrichum chapmanii |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aster lancéolé, lance-leaf American-aster, lance-leaf aster, lance-leaf or panicle or white panicle aster, marsh aster, panicle aster, tall white aster, western willow aster, white-panicle aster |
savanna aster |
|||||||||||||||||
Habit | Perennials, 30–150(–200) cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous (rhizomes usually white, thick, contorted). | Perennials, 30–80 cm, cespitose; rhizomes stout. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1, erect (straight, stout), glabrous or hairy. |
1–3+, erect (sometimes brown proximally, strict to straight), glabrous. |
||||||||||||||||
Leaves | thin, scabrous, apices mucronate, abaxial faces glabrous (vein areoles indistinct, elongate), adaxial glabrous or sparsely scabrous (var. hesperium); basal withering by flowering, petiolate to subpetiolate (petioles winged, ciliate, bases dilated, sheathing), blades elliptic-oblanceolate or obovate to suborbiculate, 10–80 × 5–20 mm, cuneate to attenuate, margins crenate-serrate, apices acute to obtuse or rounded; proximal cauline withering by flowering, sessile or subsessile, blades lance-ovate or oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, (40–)50–150 × (3–)10–20(–35) mm, progressively reduced distally, bases cuneate, ± decurrent, margins serrate, apices acute to acuminate; distal sessile, blades oblanceolate to linear, 30–100(–140) mm, only slightly reduced distally, bases cuneate, margins entire. |
green to dark green, firm, ± fleshy, margins entire, ciliate, apices acute, callous, faces sparsely strigillose; basal persistent or petiole bases marcescent, long-petiolate (to 15 cm; petioles sheathing, margins glabrous), blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 10–30 × 2–7 mm, bases cuneate to subattenuate, margins sparsely denticulate or entire, indurate-translucent; proximal cauline persistent, sessile or subpetiolate, blades linear, 42–105 × 1–3 mm, bases clasping, margins often revolute; distal sessile, blades usually linear, sometimes awl-shaped, 50–180 × 5–10 mm, strongly reduced distally, more abruptly so on array branches, bases subclasping to adnate for 1/2+ length, margins often revolute. |
||||||||||||||||
Peduncles | 0.5–5 cm, ± pilose, bracts 1–3(–5), linear-oblanceolate to -lanceolate, foliaceous, ciliate. |
1–20+ cm, slender, glabrous, bracts 4–22, linear (awl-shaped), grading into phyllaries. |
||||||||||||||||
Involucres | campanulate to cylindric, 3–8 mm. |
cylindro-campanulate, 5.5–9 mm. |
||||||||||||||||
Ray florets | 16–50; corollas white to pinkish or pale blue-violet, laminae 3–10(–14) × 0.5–1.3 mm. |
8–23; corollas purple to blue-lavender, laminae (10–)14–15(–20) × 0.8–2.2 mm. |
||||||||||||||||
Disc florets | (13–)20–40(–52); corollas yellow becoming purple, 2.8–5.8 mm, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes sometimes ± spreading, triangular, 0.4–1.2 mm. |
47–57; corollas pale yellow, 4.7–6.3 mm, throats funnelform to narrowly campanulate, lobes triangular, 0.5–0.7 mm (proximally sparsely pilose). |
||||||||||||||||
Phyllaries | in (3–)4–6 series, appressed or slightly spreading, linear-lanceolate to linear (innermost), sometimes slightly dilated distally, ± strongly unequal to subequal (var. hesperium), bases indurate 1/4–1/2, margins scarious, erose, hyaline, sparsely ciliolate, green zones lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, outer sometimes foliaceous (particularly var. hesperium), apices acute to acuminate (outer) or acuminate to caudate (inner), mostly mucronulate, abaxial faces glabrous, adaxial sparsely strigillose. |
in 4–5(–6) series, oblong-lanceolate (outer) to linear-lanceolate (innermost), bases indurate (at least inner), margins scarious, hyaline, purplish distally, ciliolate, green zones narrowly lanceolate, not evident, apices purplish, acute (outer) to acuminate (inner), sometimes mucronate (inner), faces sparsely villous. |
||||||||||||||||
Heads | in ample or diffuse to narrow, elongate, leafy, paniculiform arrays, branches ± ascending, rarely secund, branch leaves often longer than pedicels. |
in open, usually corymbiform, sometimes ± paniculiform arrays, branches ascending, simple, slender, elongate. |
||||||||||||||||
Cypselae | gray or tan, obovoid, ± compressed, 1.5–2 mm, 4–5-nerved, faces sparsely strigillose; pappi white to sordid or tawny, 5.5–6 mm. |
tan to gray-brown (nerves stramineous), obovoid, compressed, 3.1–4.5 mm, 8–10(–14)-nerved, faces glabrous; pappi yellowish, 4.4–4.7 mm. |
||||||||||||||||
2n | = 14. |
|||||||||||||||||
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum |
Symphyotrichum chapmanii |
|||||||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Sep–Nov(–Dec). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Wet savannas, pine flatwoods, bogs, and acid swamps | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–30 m (0–100 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe]
|
AL; FL |
||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Varieties 5 (5 in the flora). Varieties of Symphyotrichum lanceolatum are sometimes grouped into two subspecies: subsp. hesperium (var. hesperium) and subsp. lanceolatum (the other four varieties). J. C. Semple and J. G. Chmielewski (1987) provided maps of the five taxa. The ranges of var. hesperium and var. lanceolatum overlap in the prairies and in the boreal zone from Alberta to the Clay Belt of northern Ontario. The ranges of the other three varieties do not overlap with that of var. hesperium, but they all overlap each other and with var. lanceolatum in the Midwest. The ecology and cytogeography of the species were summarized by Chmielewski and Semple (2001). The name Aster tradescantii has sometimes been misapplied to this species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Symphyotrichum chapmanii is known from the Appalachicola Valley, northern Florida and adjacent southeast Alabama (where it is possibly extirpated), and is disjunct to St. Lucie County (Florida). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 20. | FNA vol. 20, p. 478. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Symphyotrichum > subg. Symphyotrichum > sect. Symphyotrichum | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Symphyotrichum > subg. Chapmaniani | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Aster lanceolatus | Aster chapmanii, Eurybia chapmanii, Heleastrum chapmanii | ||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Willdenow) G. L. Nesom: Phytologia 77: 284. (1995) | (Torrey & A. Gray) Semple & Brouillet: in J. C. Semple et al., Cult. Native Asters Ontario, 133. (2002) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |
|