Syagrus romanzoffiana |
Syagrus |
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queen palm |
queen palm, syagrus |
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Stems | solitary, smooth, with conspicuous nodal rings. |
solitary, erect, robust, unarmed, bearing conspicuous nodal rings. |
Leaves | ca. 5 m. Fruits 3.0–3.5 cm, ovoid, yellowish orange; endocarp ovoid, brown, with 3 germination pores. |
petiole unarmed; sheath not forming crownshaft; blade pinnate, unarmed; plication reduplicate; segments regularly arranged in multiple planes, apices acute to 2-cleft. |
Inflorescences | axillary within crown of leaves, paniculate, 1 order of branching, ascending, becoming pendulous in fruit; prophyll short; peduncular bract woody, beaked, splitting abaxially, becoming boat-shaped. |
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Flowers | unisexual, sessile, borne in triads of 1 pistillate flower flanked by 2 staminate, staminate flowers borne singly along distal portions of rachillae. |
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Staminate flowers | sepals 3, connate; petals 3, free, valvate, leathery; stamens 6, free; anthers linear; pistillode with 3 minute lobes. |
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Pistillate flowers | borne basally on rachillae, massive; sepals 3, imbricate, free; petals 3, imbricate, free; staminode a low annular ring at base of pistil; pistil 1, large; ovules 1; style indistinct; stigmas 3. |
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Fruits | drupes, ovoid, less than 4 cm diam.; exocarp orange, thin, smooth; mesocarp fleshy, oily; endocarp thick, bony, irregularly folded into seed, with 3 basal germination pores. |
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Seeds | irregular with hollow cavity; endosperm homogeneous; embryo basal; eophyll undivided, lanceolate. |
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2n | = 32. |
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Syagrus romanzoffiana |
Syagrus |
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Phenology | Flowering throughout the year. | |
Habitat | Disturbed hammocks and woodlands | |
Elevation | ca. 0–30 m (ca. 0–100 ft) | |
Distribution |
FL; South America; native [Fla., introduced] |
North America; South America; West Indies (Lesser Antilles) |
Discussion | Syagrus is tenuously represented in the flora by the cultivated ornamental S. romanzoffiana, still known in the nursery trade as Cocos plumosa. This South American species is widely planted throughout much of southern and central Florida. Although it is not yet widely established in the flora, seedlings volunteer in natural areas, and mature plants persist after cultivation. A closely related ornamental palm from South America, Butia capitata (Martius) Beccari, jelly palm, is widely grown in the southeastern United States and crosses with Syagrus romanzoffiana, producing × Butyagrus nabonnandii (A. R. Proschowsky) Vorster, largely sterile hybrids. Butia shows little inclination for escaping. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 32 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 22, p. 121. | FNA vol. 22, p. 120. |
Parent taxa | Arecaceae > subfam. Arecoideae > tribe Cocoeae > subtribe Butiinae > Syagrus | Arecaceae > subfam. Arecoideae > tribe Cocoeae > subtribe Butiinae |
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cocos romanzoffiana, Arecastrum romanzoffianum, Cocos plumosa | |
Name authority | (Chamisso) Glassman: Fieldiana: Botany 31: 382. (1968) | Martius: Palm. Fam. 18. (1824) |
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