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queen palm

queen palm, syagrus

Stems

solitary, smooth, with conspicuous nodal rings.

solitary, erect, robust, unarmed, bearing conspicuous nodal rings.

Leaves

ca. 5 m. Fruits 3.0–3.5 cm, ovoid, yellowish orange;

endocarp ovoid, brown, with 3 germination pores.

petiole unarmed;

sheath not forming crownshaft;

blade pinnate, unarmed;

plication reduplicate;

segments regularly arranged in multiple planes, apices acute to 2-cleft.

Inflorescences

axillary within crown of leaves, paniculate, 1 order of branching, ascending, becoming pendulous in fruit;

prophyll short;

peduncular bract woody, beaked, splitting abaxially, becoming boat-shaped.

Flowers

unisexual, sessile, borne in triads of 1 pistillate flower flanked by 2 staminate, staminate flowers borne singly along distal portions of rachillae.

Staminate flowers

sepals 3, connate;

petals 3, free, valvate, leathery;

stamens 6, free;

anthers linear;

pistillode with 3 minute lobes.

Pistillate flowers

borne basally on rachillae, massive;

sepals 3, imbricate, free;

petals 3, imbricate, free;

staminode a low annular ring at base of pistil;

pistil 1, large;

ovules 1;

style indistinct;

stigmas 3.

Fruits

drupes, ovoid, less than 4 cm diam.;

exocarp orange, thin, smooth;

mesocarp fleshy, oily;

endocarp thick, bony, irregularly folded into seed, with 3 basal germination pores.

Seeds

irregular with hollow cavity;

endosperm homogeneous;

embryo basal;

eophyll undivided, lanceolate.

2n

= 32.

Syagrus romanzoffiana

Syagrus

Phenology Flowering throughout the year.
Habitat Disturbed hammocks and woodlands
Elevation ca. 0–30 m (ca. 0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; South America; native [Fla., introduced]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America; South America; West Indies (Lesser Antilles)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Syagrus is tenuously represented in the flora by the cultivated ornamental S. romanzoffiana, still known in the nursery trade as Cocos plumosa. This South American species is widely planted throughout much of southern and central Florida. Although it is not yet widely established in the flora, seedlings volunteer in natural areas, and mature plants persist after cultivation. A closely related ornamental palm from South America, Butia capitata (Martius) Beccari, jelly palm, is widely grown in the southeastern United States and crosses with Syagrus romanzoffiana, producing × Butyagrus nabonnandii (A. R. Proschowsky) Vorster, largely sterile hybrids. Butia shows little inclination for escaping.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 32 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 22, p. 121. FNA vol. 22, p. 120.
Parent taxa Arecaceae > subfam. Arecoideae > tribe Cocoeae > subtribe Butiinae > Syagrus Arecaceae > subfam. Arecoideae > tribe Cocoeae > subtribe Butiinae
Subordinate taxa
S. romanzoffiana
Synonyms Cocos romanzoffiana, Arecastrum romanzoffianum, Cocos plumosa
Name authority (Chamisso) Glassman: Fieldiana: Botany 31: 382. (1968) Martius: Palm. Fam. 18. (1824)
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