Swertia perennis |
Swertia |
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alpine bog swertia, also felwort, felwort, star gentian, star green gentian, star or mountain bog swertia, star swertia, swertia |
felwort, swertia |
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Habit | Herbs 0.8–6.5 dm. | Herbs perennial [monocarpic], chlorophyllous, glabrous [stems and leaves puberulent]. |
Stems | usually 1 + 1–few rosettes. |
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Leaves | blades obtuse to subacute, not white-margined; basal and rosette blades spatulate-obovate to elliptic, 3–22 cm × 10–32 mm; cauline alternate, subopposite, or distal often opposite, blades elliptic-oblanceolate. |
basal and cauline, opposite or all or distal leaves subopposite or alternate. |
Inflorescences | narrow, open, often few-flowered. |
thyrses or verticillasters, occasionally racemoid [flowers solitary or few]. |
Flowers | (4- or)5-merous; calyx 4–8 mm; corolla bluish white to violet-blue, sometimes with darker spots, or rarely greenish white, veins darker, 7–16 mm, lobes lanceolate-oblong, apex acute; corona low, ± fringed ridge; openings of foveae oval to round, rims fringed all around. |
4- or 5-merous; calyx lobed nearly to base, lobes lanceolate; corolla violet-blue or pale green to white, usually with violet-blue markings and/or suffusions [rarely brownish red], rotate or nearly so, lobes much longer than tube, entire, plicae between lobes absent; stamens inserted near base of corolla tube, usually connected by corona consisting of low ridge from which trichomes [scales] arise between filaments; anthers distinct; ovary sessile [short-stipitate]; style persistent, erect, short [absent]; stigmas 2; nectaries in [1] 2 foveae per corolla lobe, rim of openings raised [rarely scarcely so], fringed. |
Capsules | compressed-cylindric to ovoid. |
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x | = [7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13] 14. |
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2n | = 28. |
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Swertia perennis |
Swertia |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–early fall. | |
Habitat | Wet meadows, thickets, bogs, stream banks. | |
Elevation | 0–3900 m. (0–12800 ft.) | |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; restricted to high elevations southward; Eurasia
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North America; Eurasia; Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); temperate to high-altitude tropical regions |
Discussion | A specimen considered perhaps to be from the Yukon Territory is more likely from British Columbia, but Swertia perennis should be expected in the Yukon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 120 as commonly circumscribed (1 in the flora). There are differences of opinion about the appropriate circumscription of Swertia. Some, for example, V. V. Zuev (1990) and J. Shah (1984), included all of the taxa treated here as Swertia and Frasera, along with many Asian and African species, within a broad concept of Swertia. Others, provisionally followed in this flora, segregate all of the species endemic to North America, including Mexico, as Frasera, but retain many Asian species similar in morphology in Swertia. Still others, for example, H. Toyokuni (1963), emphasizing chromosome numbers, advocated the restriction of Swertia to S. perennis, broadly circumscribed, this being the only species in the complex known to have n = 14 or any multiple of 7. This topic is further discussed under 11. Frasera. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Gentianaceae > Swertia | Gentianaceae |
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. perennis var. obtusa | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 226. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 226. (1753): Gen. Pl., ed. 5, 107. (1754) |
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