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jewelweed, mountain jewel-flower, shield plant, shieldleaf

sickle fruit jewel flower

Habit Biennials or perennials; (short-lived); (glaucous), glabrous throughout. Annuals; (glaucous), usually glabrous, (sometimes sepals pubescent).
Stems

unbranched or branched (several) basally and distally, (0.5–)1.5–12(–15) dm.

unbranched or divaricately branched basally, 0.4–3.5(–4.5) dm.

Basal leaves

(soon withered); subrosulate; petiolate;

blade broadly ovate, obovate or oblong, 1.5–6 cm, margins entire or repand, or dentate apically.

(soon withered);

not rosulate;

subsessile or shortly petiolate;

blade orbicular, similar to cauline, margins with blunt teeth.

Cauline leaves

blade oblong to obovate or suborbicular, or (distally) orbicular or oblong-ovate, (0.7–)1.5–6(–9) cm × (4–)10–45 mm, base auriculate to amplexicaul (amplexicaul distally), margins entire or repand.

blade (succulent), orbicular or orbicular-ovate, 1.3–9 cm × 10–75 mm (smaller distally), base auriculate-cordate, strongly overlapping, margins entire or shallowly dentate.

Racemes

bracteate below or between proximalmost 1 or 2 flowers, (lax to compact, secund or not).

ebracteate, (dense).

Flowers

calyx urceolate;

sepals purplish, gray-green, or yellowish, 6–10(–13) mm, keeled or not, (apex recurved);

petals purplish or yellowish white (usually with purple veins), (6–)8–14 mm, blade 2–5 × 1–2.5 mm, margins not crisped, claw 4–10 mm, as wide as or wider than blade, (apex reflexed);

stamens in 3 unequal pairs;

filaments (distinct): abaxial pair (2.5–)4–7 mm, lateral pair (1.5–)3–5 mm, adaxial pair (5–)7–11 mm;

anthers (all) fertile or adaxial pair with reduced fertility and shorter, (1.5–)2.5–4.5(–6) mm;

gynophore 0.2–1 mm.

calyx urceolate;

sepals greenish yellow, (ovate), 5–7 mm, keeled, (apex reflexed, glabrous or pilose);

petals ochroleucous (with brownish purple veins), 7–10 mm, blade 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm, margins crisped, claw 5–7 mm, wider than blade, (apex recurved);

stamens in 3 unequal pairs;

filaments: abaxial pair (connate to middle), 5–6 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate to apex), 8–10 mm;

anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.8–2.5 mm, adaxial pair sterile, 0.7–1 mm;

gynophore 0.5–1 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate to ascending, (2–)3–12(–17) mm, (expanded at receptacle).

divaricate-ascending, (straight), 1.5–4 mm.

Fruits

arcuate-spreading to pendent, torulose or smooth, straight, flattened, (3–)4–13(–16) cm × 1.5–2.5(–3) mm;

valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein;

replum straight;

ovules 26–76(–110) per ovary;

style 0.4–0.7 mm;

stigma entire.

divaricate-ascending, usually smooth, rarely slightly torulose, strongly falcate, slightly flattened, 3–9 cm × 1–1.2 mm;

valves each with obscure midvein;

replum straight;

ovules 30–50 per ovary;

style 0.5–1 mm;

stigma entire.

Seeds

broadly oblong to ovoid or orbicular, 1.5–2.5 × 0.8–1.7 mm;

wing 0.1–0.5 mm wide, continuous or on distal 1/2.

oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.7–1 mm;

wing 0–0.1 mm wide, distal.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Streptanthus tortuosus

Streptanthus drepanoides

Phenology Flowering Apr–Sep. Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Rocky open slopes, open woodlands, montane forests, alpine areas Steep mobile substrate on sedimentary or volcanic slopes, usually on serpentine outcrops, openings in chaparral, pine woodland
Elevation 200-4100 m (700-13500 ft) 200-1800 m (700-5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; NV; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Streptanthus tortuosus is highly polymorphic, forming distinct local races. Variation in duration, stature, branching, development of the sepal keel, petal color, and bract size are not correlated with habitat or geography. Some authors (e.g., R. C. Rollins 1993; R. E. Buck et al. 1993) divided it into five varieties based on variations in those characters, but the variation is continuous and the purported differences do not hold. For example, those authors and N. H. Holmgren (2005b), recognized the highly branched, shorter plants of the alpine Sierra Nevada as var. orbiculatus, but intergradation downslope is completely clinal. The most distinctive variant (S. foliosus) is restricted to the central Sierra Nevada, where plants with large, brittle, subachlorophyllus bracts predominate. However, that condition reappears sporadically in the Klamath Ranges and elsewhere. Annual plants have never been documented in S. tortuosus, contrary to the claim by some authors (e.g., Rollins; Buck et al.; Holmgren); the alleged “annuals” produce rosettes that invariably overwinter before flowering. Without thorough molecular, experimental, and cytological study of this complex, it is impractical to recognize ill-defined varieties that represent only a minor fraction of the overall variation in the species.

R. C. Rollins (1993) placed Streptanthus foliosus in the synonymy of S. diversifolius, but its type clearly belongs to S. tortuosus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Streptanthus drepanoides is distributed in Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Shasta, Tehama, and Trinity counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 722. FNA vol. 7, p. 711.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus
Sibling taxa
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. bracteatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. campestris, S. carinatus, S. cordatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. drepanoides, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. hispidus, S. howellii, S. hyacinthoides, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. polygaloides, S. squamiformis, S. vernalis, S. vimineus
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. bracteatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. campestris, S. carinatus, S. cordatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. hispidus, S. howellii, S. hyacinthoides, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. polygaloides, S. squamiformis, S. tortuosus, S. vernalis, S. vimineus
Synonyms Disaccanthus tortuosus, Erysimum tortuosum, Pleiocardia foliosa, Pleiocardia orbiculata, Pleiocardia suffrutescens, Pleiocardia tortuosa, S. foliosus, S. orbiculatus, S. sanhedrensis, S. suffrutescens, S. tortuosus var. flavescens, S. tortuosus var. oblongus, S. tortuosus var. optatus, S. tortuosus var. orbiculatus, S. tortuosus var. pallidus, S. tortuosus var. suffrutescens
Name authority Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 152, plate 46. (1863) Kruckeberg & J. L. Morrison: Madroño 30: 230, figs. 1, 2b. (1983)
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