Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus maculatus |
|
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milkwort jewelflower |
clasping jewelflower, clasping twistflower |
|
Habit | Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. | Annuals; (glaucous), usually glabrous throughout (sometimes stem bases pubescent). |
Stems | unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm. |
unbranched or branched distally, 1.7–10.6 dm, (trichomes 0.05–0.5 mm). |
Basal leaves | (soon withered); rosulate; petiolate; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate. |
(soon withered); rosulate; petiolate; blade similar to cauline. |
Cauline leaves | blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire. |
blade broadly ovate to broadly oblong or lanceolate, 2–15 cm × 10–80 mm, (smaller distally), base amplexicaul, margins entire, (apex acute to acuminate or rounded). |
Racemes | ebracteate, (lax). |
ebracteate, (dense or lax). |
Flowers | (markedly zygomorphic); calyx urceolate; sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm); petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm; gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm. |
calyx campanulate; sepals (erect), purplish, 4–9 mm, (lateral pair rarely with subapical callus, 0.1–0.3 mm), not keeled; petals (widely spreading to somewhat reflexed), magenta (with deep purple center), 11–21 mm, blade 6–12 × 5–11 mm, margins not crisped, claw 5–10 mm, narrower than blade; stamens tetradynamous; filaments: median pairs (distinct), 5–7 mm, lateral pair 3–5 mm; anthers (all) fertile, 3–4 mm; gynophore 0.7–1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | strongly recurved, 2–5 mm. |
divaricate-ascending, (straight), 4–7 mm. |
Fruits | pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary; style 0.8–2 mm; stigma entire. |
ascending, smooth, straight, flattened, 6–11.4 cm × 2–3 mm; valves each with prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules 56–92 per ovary; style 1–2.5 mm; stigma strongly 2-lobed. |
Seeds | oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal. |
broadly oblong, 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 mm; wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, continuous. |
2n | = 28. |
|
Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus maculatus |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands | Near creeks, roadside banks, moist bottoms, open oak woods, moist land in woods, rocky bluffs, ledges, dry talus slopes, rock crevices, pine-hickory forests |
Elevation | 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) | 200-500 m (700-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
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AR; OK; TX
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Discussion | Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties. Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Streptanthus maculatus is distributed in Arkansas in Garland, Hot Springs, Montgomery, Pike, Polk, Pulaski, and Saline counties; in Oklahoma in Latimer, Le Flore, McCurtain, and Pushmataha counties; and in Texas in Anderson, Cherokee, Gregg, and Smith counties. R. C. Rollins (1993) divided Streptanthus maculatus into two subspecies based on the presence versus absence of the subapical callus on sepals and on leaf shape. Subspecies maculatus was said to differ from subsp. obtusifolius by the absence (versus presence) of the sepal callus and by having lanceolate (versus broadly ovate) cauline leaves. These highly variable characters do not covary. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 720. | FNA vol. 7, p. 718. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Microsemia polygaloides | S. maculatus subsp. obtusifolius, S. obtusifolius |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) | Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 5: 134, plate 7. (1825) |
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