Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus hyacinthoides |
|
---|---|---|
milkwort jewelflower |
smooth jewelflower, smooth twistflower |
|
Habit | Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. | Annuals; usually glabrous throughout (sometimes stem bases pubescent). |
Stems | unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm. |
unbranched or branched distally, 2.8–13 dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered); rosulate; petiolate; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate. |
not seen. |
Cauline leaves | blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire. |
(shortly petiolate or sessile); blade usually linear to linear-lanceolate, rarely oblanceolate, 2.5–16 cm × 2–7(–20) mm, (smaller distally), base not auriculate, margins entire. |
Racemes | ebracteate, (lax). |
ebracteate. |
Flowers | (markedly zygomorphic); calyx urceolate; sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm); petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm; gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm. |
(slightly zygomorphic, horizontal to pendent); calyx campanulate; sepals purple, lanceolate, 7–11 mm, not keeled; petals deep purple to magenta or whitish (with purple veins), 13–20 mm, blade 7–12 × 1–4 mm, margins not crisped, claw 5–12 mm, (strongly recurved); stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (connate less than 1/2 their length), 8–14 mm, lateral pair 4–7 mm, adaxial pair (connate ca. 3/4 their length), 7–10 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 2–3 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 1–1.5 mm; gynophore 0.3–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | strongly recurved, 2–5 mm. |
divaricate-ascending, (straight), 3–10 mm. |
Fruits | pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary; style 0.8–2 mm; stigma entire. |
divaricate-ascending, smooth, straight or slightly curved inwards, flattened, 3.7–11.2 cm × 1.5–2 mm; valves each with prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules 90–120 per ovary; style 0.3–1.5 mm; stigma subentire. |
Seeds | oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal. |
broadly ovoid, 1.5–1.8 × 1–1.3 mm; wing 0.1–0.25 mm, continuous. |
2n | = 28. |
|
Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus hyacinthoides |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands | Sandy soils of prairies, open glades in woods, grassy roadsides |
Elevation | 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) | 100-800 m (300-2600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
AR; KS; LA; OK; TX
|
Discussion | Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties. Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Streptanthus hyacinthoides is widespread in eastern Texas and central and northwestern Oklahoma; in Arkansas it is restricted to Nevada and Ouachita counties; in Kansas to Barber and Comanche counties; and in Louisiana to Bienville, Caddo, Natchitoches, and Winn parishes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 720. | FNA vol. 7, p. 716. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Microsemia polygaloides | Erysimum hyacinthoides, Euklisia hyacinthoides, Icianthus atratus, Icianthus glabrifolius, Icianthus hyacinthoides, S. glabrifolius |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) | Hooker: Bot. Mag. 63: plate 3516. (1836) |
Web links |