Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus howellii |
|
---|---|---|
milkwort jewelflower |
Howell's jewel-flower, Howell's streptanthus |
|
Habit | Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. | Perennials; (caudex simple or branched); (glaucous), glabrous. |
Stems | unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm. |
usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 3–8 dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered); rosulate; petiolate; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate. |
(soon withered); not rosulate; petiolate; blade (somewhat fleshy), similar to cauline. |
Cauline leaves | blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire. |
(petiolate); blade broadly spatulate-obovate to suborbicular, or (distally) narrowly oblong-oblanceolate to linear, 1.5–10 cm × 5–45 mm, base (distally) cuneate to attenuate, not auriculate, margins entire, repand, or obtusely dentate, (entire distally). |
Racemes | ebracteate, (lax). |
ebracteate, (lax). |
Flowers | (markedly zygomorphic); calyx urceolate; sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm); petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm; gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm. |
calyx subcampanulate; sepals purplish, oblong, 5–8 mm, not keeled; petals maroon to purple, 8–12 mm, blade 3–5 × 0.5–1 mm, margins not crisped, claw 5–7 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments (distinct): abaxial pair 5–6 mm, lateral pair 4–5 mm, adaxial pair 6–7 mm; anthers (all) fertile, 3–3.5 mm; gynophore 0.5–5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | strongly recurved, 2–5 mm. |
divaricate to ascending, (straight), 7–17 mm. |
Fruits | pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary; style 0.8–2 mm; stigma entire. |
divaricate-ascending, smooth, straight to slightly curved inwards, flattened, 5.5–12 cm × 2.5–3.2(–3.5) mm; valves each with prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules 24–44 per ovary; style 0.3–3 mm; stigma subentire. |
Seeds | oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal. |
broadly oblong to suborbicular, 3–4 × 2–3 mm; wing 0.5–1.1 mm wide, continuous. |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus howellii |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands | Dry serpentine slopes and ridges in open conifer-hardwood forests |
Elevation | 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) | 600-800 m (2000-2600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA; OR |
Discussion | Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties. Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Streptanthus howellii is known from the Klamath Mountains in California (Del Norte and Siskiyou counties) and Oregon (Curry and Josephine counties). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 720. | FNA vol. 7, p. 716. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Microsemia polygaloides | Cartiera howellii |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 353. (1885) |
Web links |