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milkwort jewelflower

Mount Diablo jewelflower, Mt. Diablo jewel flower

Habit Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. Annuals; densely hirsute-hispid throughout, (trichomes to 1.4 mm).
Stems

unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm.

unbranched or branched basally, 0.3–3 dm.

Basal leaves

(soon withered); rosulate; petiolate;

blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate.

not rosulate; shortly petiolate;

blade obovate, 1–5 cm, margins coarsely to shallowly dentate.

Cauline leaves

blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire.

blade obovate to oblong, 0.7–6 cm × 2–25 mm, base cuneate or truncate, not auriculate or (distally) minutely ariculate, margins coarsely dentate.

Racemes

ebracteate, (lax).

ebracteate, (not secund, with a terminal cluster of sterile flowers).

Flowers

(markedly zygomorphic);

calyx urceolate;

sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm);

petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade;

stamens in 3 unequal pairs;

filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm;

anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm;

gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm.

calyx subcampanulate;

sepals pale green to purplish, ovate, 4–6 mm, not keeled;

petals light purple (with white margins), 6–9 mm, blade 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm, margins crisped, claw 5–6 mm, wider than blade;

stamens in 3 unequal pairs;

filaments: abaxial pair (connate ca. 1/2 their length), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (exserted, connate to near apex), 5–6 mm;

anthers: abaxial and adaxial pairs fertile, 1.5–1.8mm, adaxial pair sterile, 0.3–0.5 mm;

gynophore 0.1–0.3 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

strongly recurved, 2–5 mm.

divaricate-ascending, (straight), 2–5 mm.

Fruits

pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm;

valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein;

replum straight;

ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary;

style 0.8–2 mm;

stigma entire.

divaricate-ascending to suberect, straight, flattened, 4–8.5 cm × 2–2.5 mm;

valves each with prominent midvein;

replum straight;

ovules 34–66 per ovary;

style 0.4–1 mm;

stigma slightly 2-lobed.

Seeds

oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm;

wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal.

ovoid to suborbicular, 1.6–2 × 1.2–1.8 mm;

wing 0.2–0.35 mm wide, continuous.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Streptanthus polygaloides

Streptanthus hispidus

Phenology Flowering May–Jul. Flowering Mar–Jun.
Habitat Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands Talus or rocky outcrops (Franciscan formation, largely on chert) and sparsely vegetated openings in grassland or chaparral
Elevation 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) 600-1200 m (2000-3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties.

Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Streptanthus hispidus is known from Mt. Diablo in Contra Costa County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 720. FNA vol. 7, p. 715.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus
Sibling taxa
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. bracteatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. campestris, S. carinatus, S. cordatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. drepanoides, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. hispidus, S. howellii, S. hyacinthoides, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. squamiformis, S. tortuosus, S. vernalis, S. vimineus
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. bracteatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. campestris, S. carinatus, S. cordatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. drepanoides, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. howellii, S. hyacinthoides, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. polygaloides, S. squamiformis, S. tortuosus, S. vernalis, S. vimineus
Synonyms Microsemia polygaloides Euklisia hispida
Name authority A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) A. Gray: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 101. (1864)
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