Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus gracilis |
|
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milkwort jewelflower |
alpine jewel flower |
|
Habit | Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. | Annuals; (slender); (glaucous), glabrous throughout. |
Stems | unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm. |
often branched basally, (0.6–)1–3.5 dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered); rosulate; petiolate; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate. |
rosulate; petiolate; blade oblanceolate to spatulate, 1–7 cm, margins usually sinuate to dentate, rarely lobed. |
Cauline leaves | blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire. |
(shortly petiolate or sessile); blade oblong to ovate, 0.5–3 cm × 1–5 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate or (distally) amplexicaul, margins entire or dentate apically, (entire distally). |
Racemes | ebracteate, (lax). |
bracteate below or between proximalmost 1 or 2 flowers. |
Flowers | (markedly zygomorphic); calyx urceolate; sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm); petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm; gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm. |
calyx slightly urceolate; sepals rose-purple, 4–5 mm, not keeled; petals (spreading), pinkish, 7–10 mm, blade 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, margins not crisped, claw 5–6 mm, narrower than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments (distinct): abaxial pair 3–4 mm, lateral pair 1.5–2.5 mm, adaxial pair 5–6 mm; anthers (all) fertile, 1.5–2 mm; gynophore 0.5–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | strongly recurved, 2–5 mm. |
divaricate to ascending, (straight or recurved), 3–6 mm, (not expanded at receptacle). |
Fruits | pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary; style 0.8–2 mm; stigma entire. |
ascending, torulose, straight, slightly flattened, 3–7 cm × 1–1.5 mm; valves each with obscure midvein; replum straight; ovules 24–52 per ovary; style 0.1–0.5 mm; stigma entire. |
Seeds | oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal. |
oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9mm; wing (0–)0.05–0.25 mm, distal. |
2n | = 28. |
|
Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus gracilis |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands | Rocky open subalpine or alpine vegetation, pockets of weathered granite sand and gruss |
Elevation | 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) | 2600-3600 m (8500-11800 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA |
Discussion | Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties. Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Streptanthus gracilis is known from the Kings-Kern Divide in the southern Sierra Nevada of Fresno, Inyo, and Tulare counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 720. | FNA vol. 7, p. 715. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Microsemia polygaloides | Pleiocardia gracilis |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) | Eastwood: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 2: 285. (1902) |
Web links |