Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus callistus |
|
---|---|---|
milkwort jewelflower |
Mount Hamilton jewelflower, Mt. Hamilton jewel flower |
|
Habit | Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. | Annuals; (somewhat glaucous), hirsute. |
Stems | unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm. |
unbranched or branched, (often bristly proximally), 0.2–0.9 dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered); rosulate; petiolate; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate. |
(soon withered); not rosulate; shortly petiolate; blade oblong-orbicular to obovate, 0.7–1.5 cm, margins dentate. |
Cauline leaves | blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire. |
blade broadly ovate to obovate, 0.8–1.7 cm × 4–13 mm (smaller distally), base amplexicaul, margins dentate. |
Racemes | ebracteate, (lax). |
ebracteate, (with a terminal cluster of sterile flowers). |
Flowers | (markedly zygomorphic); calyx urceolate; sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm); petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm; gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm. |
calyx narrowly campanulate; sepals green to purplish or (sterile flowers) lilac-purple, (narrowly ovate, sterile flowers linear-lanceolate), 3–5 mm, (8–13 mm in sterile flowers), keeled basally (not keeled in sterile flowers; sparsely hirsute in fertile flowers, glabrous in sterile flowers); petals purple (with darker purple veins), 8–11 mm, blade 4–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm, margins not crisped, (flaring), claw 4–5 mm, narrower than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs, (purple); filaments: abaxial pair (connate), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 2–3 mm, adaxial pair (connate nearly to apex), 5–6.5 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.4–1.8 mm, adaxial pair sterile, 0.4–0.8 mm; gynophore 0.1–0.3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | strongly recurved, 2–5 mm. |
divaricate, 2–3 mm. |
Fruits | pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary; style 0.8–2 mm; stigma entire. |
divaricate, smooth, curved upward, slightly flattened, 1.3–2.5 cm × 2.5–3.5 mm; valves each with prominent midvein, (hispid, trichomes setiform, 0.5–0.8 mm); replum straight; ovules 46–60 per ovary; style 0.2–0.5 mm; stigma slightly 2-lobed. |
Seeds | oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal. |
ovoid (plump), 1.2–1.5 × 0.6–0.8 mm; wing absent. |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus callistus |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Apr–May. |
Habitat | Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands | Gravelly sedimentary scree and lag-barrens in chaparral-oak woodlands |
Elevation | 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) | 500-900 m (1600-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA |
Discussion | Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties. Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Streptanthus callistus is known from the Mount Hamilton Range of Santa Clara County and is considered to be the most endangered species in the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 720. | FNA vol. 7, p. 707. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Microsemia polygaloides | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) | J. L. Morrison: Madroño 4: 205, plate 31, figs. 1–10. (1938) |
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