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milkwort jewelflower

bract jewelflower

Habit Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. Annuals or biennials; (glaucous); usually glabrous, (sometimes pedicels pubescent).
Stems

unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm.

often branched distally, (2.3–)4.5–12 dm.

Basal leaves

(soon withered); rosulate; petiolate;

blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate.

not rosulate; long-petiolate;

blade oblanceolate to spatulate, 5–25 cm, margins lyrately lobed to irregularly dentate.

Cauline leaves

blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire.

blade oblong to ovate, 3–15 cm × 15–80 mm (smaller distally as bracts), base auriculate to amplexicaul, margins entire or shallowly dentate.

Racemes

ebracteate, (lax).

bracteate throughout, (proximalmost bracts leaflike, distalmost much reduced).

Flowers

(markedly zygomorphic);

calyx urceolate;

sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm);

petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade;

stamens in 3 unequal pairs;

filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm;

anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm;

gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm.

calyx campanulate;

sepals (ascending to suberect), 8–12 mm, (not saccate basally), not keeled, (inner pair apiculate);

petals purplish, 14–19 mm, blade 7–12 × 5–7 mm, margins not crisped, claw 6–8 mm, (slender), much narrower than blade;

stamens tetradynamous;

filaments: median pairs (distinct), 6–8 mm, lateral pair 4–6 mm;

anthers (all) fertile, 4–6 mm;

gynophore 1–2 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

strongly recurved, 2–5 mm.

divaricate-ascending, 7–19 mm, (glabrous or puberulent).

Fruits

pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm;

valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein;

replum straight;

ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary;

style 0.8–2 mm;

stigma entire.

divaricate ascending, smooth, straight, flattened, 8–14.5 cm × 2.5–4 mm;

valves each with prominent midvein;

replum straight;

ovules 48–80 per ovary;

style 1–3.5 mm;

stigma 2-lobed.

Seeds

oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm;

wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal.

oblong, 3–4 × 2–3 mm;

wing 0.5–0.7 mm wide at apex, continuous.

2n

= 28.

Streptanthus polygaloides

Streptanthus bracteatus

Phenology Flowering May–Jul. Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands Openings in oak-juniper woodlands, shallow, well-drained, gravelly clay-loam areas derived from limestone, dry rock hills, bluffs
Elevation 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties.

Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Streptanthus bracteatus is restricted to Austin, Bandera, Blanco, Medina, Real, and Travis counties. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 720. FNA vol. 7, p. 706.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus
Sibling taxa
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. bracteatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. campestris, S. carinatus, S. cordatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. drepanoides, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. hispidus, S. howellii, S. hyacinthoides, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. squamiformis, S. tortuosus, S. vernalis, S. vimineus
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. campestris, S. carinatus, S. cordatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. drepanoides, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. hispidus, S. howellii, S. hyacinthoides, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. polygaloides, S. squamiformis, S. tortuosus, S. vernalis, S. vimineus
Synonyms Microsemia polygaloides Erysimum bracteatum
Name authority A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) A. Gray: Gen. Amer. Bor., 146, plate 60. (1848)
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