Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus batrachopus |
|
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milkwort jewelflower |
Mt. Tamalpais jewelflower, Tamalpais jewel flower |
|
Habit | Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. | Annuals; (glaucous), glabrous throughout. |
Stems | unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm. |
unbranched or branched basally, 0.3–1.7(–2.8) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered); rosulate; petiolate; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate. |
(soon withered); not rosulate; shortly petiolate; blade (succulent, mottled), obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–2 cm, margins coarsely dentate. |
Cauline leaves | blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire. |
blade lanceolate, 0.5–2.5 cm × 1–7 mm (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire or dentate (entire distally). |
Racemes | ebracteate, (lax). |
ebracteate (lax, sometimes secund). |
Flowers | (markedly zygomorphic); calyx urceolate; sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm); petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm; gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm. |
calyx urceolate; sepals (erect) reddish purple, (ovate), 3–5 mm, keeled, (apex spreading); petals whitish (abaxial pair with purplish veins, adaxial pair purple), 5–8 mm, blade 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm, margins not crisped, claw 3–4 mm; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (connate to middle), 3–4 mm, lateral pair 1.5–2.5 mm, adaxial pair (completely connate, not recurved), 5–6 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.4–1.7 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.5 mm; gynophore 0.3–0.7 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | strongly recurved, 2–5 mm. |
divaricate-ascending, 1–2.5(–4) mm. |
Fruits | pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary; style 0.8–2 mm; stigma entire. |
divaricate-ascending, slightly torulose, straight to slightly curved, slightly flattened, 1.3–3 cm × 1–1.5 mm; valves each with obscure midvein; replum straight; ovules 12–22 per ovary; style 0.2–0.8 mm; stigma entire. |
Seeds | oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal. |
oblong, 1.3–2 × 0.8–1.2 mm; wing 0.1–0.3 mm wide distally, (narrower at margin, rarely absent). |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus batrachopus |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands | Serpentine barrens and outcrops in chaparral |
Elevation | 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) | 100-600 m (300-2000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA
|
Discussion | Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties. Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Streptanthus batrachopus is known from Mt. Tamalpais, Marin County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 720. | FNA vol. 7, p. 705. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Microsemia polygaloides | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) | J. L. Morrison: Madroño 4: 204, plate 31, figs. 20–28. (1938) |
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