Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus barbatus |
|
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milkwort jewelflower |
Pacific jewelflower |
|
Habit | Annuals; (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. | Perennials; (caudex branched); glabrous, (sepals and leaf blade apices pubescent). |
Stems | unbranched or branched distally, (0.8–)2–8(–10) dm. |
(sometimes ascending), unbranched or branched (few), 1.5–8(–9.2) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered); rosulate; petiolate; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid (with broadly linear to filiform lobes), 2–20 cm, margins sinuate-dentate. |
subrosulate (in juvenile plants); shortly petiolate; blade obovate, 1–2.7 cm (5–14 mm wide), margins dentate apically (teeth with relatively short, bristly trichomes). |
Cauline leaves | blade linear, 1–10 cm × 1–3 mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire. |
blade (fleshy), broadly ovate to orbicular, 0.7–3.5 cm × 5–24 mm (not smaller distally), base auriculate to amplexicaul, (proximally overlapping, distally not overlapping), margins usually entire, (apex obtuse). |
Racemes | ebracteate, (lax). |
ebracteate, (lax in fruit). |
Flowers | (markedly zygomorphic); calyx urceolate; sepals greenish yellow or purplish, (abaxial broadly ovate, not keeled, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, lateral ovate-lanceolate, keeled, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial suborbicular to broadly ovate-cordate, forming a bannerlike hood, keeled, 4–6 × 6–8 mm); petals white (with brownish veins), 5–8 mm, blade 1–3 × 0.7–1.2 mm, margins crisped (channeled), claw 4–5 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments: abaxial pair (distinct), 4–5 mm, lateral pair 3–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate), 5–6 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1.5–2 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.3–0.7 mm; gynophore 0.1–0.4 mm. |
calyx campanulate; sepals (ascending), yellowish green (in bud) or purple (in flower), (ovate), 4–7 mm, not keeled, (apex with short, bristly, flattened trichomes); petals purplish (with darker veins), 5–9 mm, blade 0.5–3 × 0.3–0.7 mm, margins slightly crisped, claw 4–7 mm, wider than blade; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; filaments (distinct): abaxial pair 4–6 mm, lateral pair 3–5 mm, adaxial pair 5–7 mm; anthers (all) fertile, 2.5–3.5 mm; gynophore 1–3 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | strongly recurved, 2–5 mm. |
erect to ascending, (straight), 3–8 mm. |
Fruits | pendent, smooth, straight, flattened, 2.4–5.6 cm × 1.2–1.7 mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein; replum straight; ovules (10–)18–50 per ovary; style 0.8–2 mm; stigma entire. |
erect to ascending, smooth, often strongly recurved distally, distinctly flattened, 2–7(–8.2) cm × 2–3 mm; valves each with obscure midvein (sometimes not basally, margins somewhat thickened); replum straight; ovules 16–30 per ovary; style 0.4–1 mm; stigma entire. |
Seeds | oblong, 1.7–2 × 0.9–1.1 mm; wing 0.2–0.3 mm wide, distal. |
oblong to broadly ovoid, 3–4 × 1.7–2 mm; wing (0–)0.1–0.25 mm wide at apex, (narrower at margin). |
2n | = 28. |
= 28, 56. |
Streptanthus polygaloides |
Streptanthus barbatus |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Serpentine substrates in grasslands, openings chaparral, oak and pine woodlands | Dry, open Jeffrey pine woods, gravelly serpentine grounds in forest openings |
Elevation | 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) | 800-2200 m (2600-7200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
CA
|
Discussion | Streptanthus polygaloides is highly variable in plant height, flower color, fruit size, and dissection of basal leaves. Further studies may lead to recognition of infraspecific taxa. The species is distributed in Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Mariposa, Nevada, Sierra, Tuolumne, and Yuba counties. Streptanthus polygaloides is one of the few nickel hyperaccumulators in the flora area, and it averages 2,430–18,600 µg/g dry weight (R. D. Reeves et al. 1981; A. R. Kruckeberg and Reeves 1995). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Streptanthus barbatus is known from Siskiyou, Tehama, and Trinity counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 720. | FNA vol. 7, p. 704. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus | Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Microsemia polygaloides | Cartiera barbata |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 519. (1865) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 125. (1890) |
Web links |