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smooth jewelflower, smooth twistflower

Habit Annuals; usually glabrous throughout (sometimes stem bases pubescent). Annuals; (glaucous), usually glabrous throughout (sometimes sepals pubescent).
Stems

unbranched or branched distally, 2.8–13 dm.

branched distal to base, 1–7.5 dm.

Basal leaves

not seen.

(soon withered);

not rosulate; petiolate;

blade narrowly ovate to oblong, 2.5–5 cm, margins entire.

Cauline leaves

(shortly petiolate or sessile);

blade usually linear to linear-lanceolate, rarely oblanceolate, 2.5–16 cm × 2–7(–20) mm, (smaller distally), base not auriculate, margins entire.

blade linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 2–12 cm × 1–3(–4) mm, (smaller distally), base auriculate, margins entire.

Racemes

ebracteate.

ebracteate, (lax, usually secund).

Flowers

(slightly zygomorphic, horizontal to pendent);

calyx campanulate;

sepals purple, lanceolate, 7–11 mm, not keeled;

petals deep purple to magenta or whitish (with purple veins), 13–20 mm, blade 7–12 × 1–4 mm, margins not crisped, claw 5–12 mm, (strongly recurved);

stamens in 3 unequal pairs;

filaments: abaxial pair (connate less than 1/2 their length), 8–14 mm, lateral pair 4–7 mm, adaxial pair (connate ca. 3/4 their length), 7–10 mm;

anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 2–3 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 1–1.5 mm;

gynophore 0.3–3 mm.

calyx urceolate;

sepals greenish to purplish, ovate-lanceolate, 6–8 mm, keeled, (apex recurved, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent);

petals white (abaxial pair with purple veins), 8–12 mm, blade 3–5 × 2–3 mm, (unequal, abaxial longer than adaxial), margins not crisped, claw 5–7 mm, narrower than blade;

stamens in 3 unequal pairs;

filaments: abaxial pair (connate 1/2 their length), 4–7 mm, lateral pair 2–4 mm, adaxial pair (connate their whole length, recurved), 7–11 mm;

anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 2–2.7 mm, adaxial pairs sterile, 0.5–1.2 mm;

gynophore 0.2–0.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate-ascending, (straight), 3–10 mm.

divaricate, (straight), 1–3(–6) mm.

Fruits

divaricate-ascending, smooth, straight or slightly curved inwards, flattened, 3.7–11.2 cm × 1.5–2 mm;

valves each with prominent midvein;

replum straight;

ovules 90–120 per ovary;

style 0.3–1.5 mm;

stigma subentire.

divaricate, slightly torulose, recurved, flattened, 3.5–6.5 cm × 1–1.2 mm;

valves each with obscure midvein;

replum straight;

ovules 28–40 per ovary;

style 0.1–0.3 mm;

stigma entire.

Seeds

broadly ovoid, 1.5–1.8 × 1–1.3 mm;

wing 0.1–0.25 mm, continuous.

narrowly oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.6–0.8 mm;

wing 0–0.1 mm wide, distal.

Streptanthus hyacinthoides

Streptanthus vimineus

Phenology Flowering May–Jun. Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Sandy soils of prairies, open glades in woods, grassy roadsides Serpentine grasslands, ridges and barrens, openings in chaparral
Elevation 100-800 m (300-2600 ft) 200-800 m (700-2600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; KS; LA; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Streptanthus hyacinthoides is widespread in eastern Texas and central and northwestern Oklahoma; in Arkansas it is restricted to Nevada and Ouachita counties; in Kansas to Barber and Comanche counties; and in Louisiana to Bienville, Caddo, Natchitoches, and Winn parishes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Streptanthus vimineus is restricted to Colusa, Lake, and Napa counties. The taxon has long been unrecognized by various authors, including recent ones (e.g., R. C. Rollins 1993; R. E. Buck et al. 1993). It remained under Mesoreanthus and was often treated as a synonym of S. barbiger. The latter always has non-auriculate (versus auriculate) cauline leaves.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 716. FNA vol. 7, p. 723.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus Brassicaceae > tribe Thelypodieae > Streptanthus
Sibling taxa
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. bracteatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. campestris, S. carinatus, S. cordatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. drepanoides, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. hispidus, S. howellii, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. polygaloides, S. squamiformis, S. tortuosus, S. vernalis, S. vimineus
S. barbatus, S. barbiger, S. batrachopus, S. bernardinus, S. brachiatus, S. bracteatus, S. breweri, S. callistus, S. campestris, S. carinatus, S. cordatus, S. cutleri, S. diversifolius, S. drepanoides, S. farnsworthianus, S. fenestratus, S. glandulosus, S. gracilis, S. hesperidis, S. hispidus, S. howellii, S. hyacinthoides, S. insignis, S. longisiliquus, S. maculatus, S. morrisonii, S. oblanceolatus, S. oliganthus, S. petiolaris, S. platycarpus, S. polygaloides, S. squamiformis, S. tortuosus, S. vernalis
Synonyms Erysimum hyacinthoides, Euklisia hyacinthoides, Icianthus atratus, Icianthus glabrifolius, Icianthus hyacinthoides, S. glabrifolius Mesoreanthus vimineus, Mesoreanthus fallax
Name authority Hooker: Bot. Mag. 63: plate 3516. (1836) (Greene) Al-Shehbaz & D. W. Taylor: Novon 18: 281. (2008)
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